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Ch. 11 Section 3 Notes

Ch. 11 Section 3 Notes. By 1917:. All over Europe: Morale was low Still at a stalemate Moved towards a “ total war ” “ conscription ” everywhere [Britain in 1916] Governments raised taxes and borrowed huge amounts of money Rationing of food and products. On the ocean:.

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Ch. 11 Section 3 Notes

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  1. Ch. 11 Section 3 Notes

  2. By 1917: • All over Europe: • Morale was low • Still at a stalemate • Moved towards a “total war” • “conscription” everywhere [Britain in 1916] • Governments raised taxes and borrowed huge amounts of money • Rationing of food and products

  3. On the ocean: • British Navy set up blockades to cut off supplies to Germany • Legal to confiscate “contraband” • Britain confiscated everything • ‘The turnip winter’ 1916-1917 • Germany used U boats to sink ships carrying supplies to Britain • “Lusitania” May 1915 – 1200 killed, 128 Americans • President Wilson steps in

  4. “propaganda” • The press gets censored • “Atrocities” in Britain and France • Women join the war effort • Took over men’s jobs • Worked in war industries • Nurses on the front lines • Gave women pride and confidence • After the war, led to the right to vote

  5. By 1917: • Morale had hit an all time low • Germany was sending 15 year olds to war • Britain is almost bankrupt • Russian revolution in March 1917 ( more in 11-5) • Monarchy toppled • Lenin took over • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany • Ended Russian participation in WW1 • Germany focused on the Western Front

  6. United States • US citizens are divided • Some support the Allies, some support the Central Powers • 1917- Germany resumes submarine warfare • British intercept message • German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman • Anti-German feelings intensified

  7. US Declares War • April 1917 – Wilson asks congress to declare war on Germany • By 1918, 2 million American soldiers joined the weary Allied troops on the Western Front • Morale of the Allies was boosted • Wilson still hoped to be a peacemaker • Issued the “Fourteen Points” • Favored “self-determination”

  8. Victory at Last • Early 1918 – a final showdown on the Western Front • Germany hoped to win before the US arrived • In March, Germany launched a major offensive • By July, the Allies had lost 40 miles • With the Americans, the Allies counterattacked • In September, German generals advised the kaiser that the war could not be won • William II was urged to step down, and he did • By autumn, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman empire also asked for peace

  9. November 11, 1918 • New Government in Germany sought an “armistice” • 11 am, on 11/11/1918, the Great War ended

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