3 rd Annual Open Architecture Summit Business Approaches to OA

1. 3rd Annual Open Architecture SummitBusiness Approaches to OA Andrew Biss Systems Engineer Sensis Corporation

2. The Need for Open Architecture • To avoid spiraling costs and ensure supportability, the USN has adopted OA core principles • Building a fleet that is interoperable and affordable • To be competitive Sensis recognizes the benefits of OA • Reducing Time-to-Market and Increasing Cost Savings • Not always a driving requirement for our customers, but a driving requirement from our internal stakeholders • This has lead to Sensis completing 5 successful SW programs built on OA principles with 3 iterations of OA design Sensis and the USN have come to the same conclusion from complementary, but different vantage points

3. Open Technology Developmentin Sensis Processes • As part of embracing the OA principles, OTD is embedded in our formal processes for development • Standard Operating Procedures and Work Instructions exist specific to ensuring OA is incorporated in SW and HW • Sensis SOP OTD states that the benefits of an OTD strategy are: • Enhancing agility to rapidly adapt and modify to user needed capabilities • Enhancing competitiveness by lowering cost and minimizing program execution risk • Encouraging decentralized innovation, shared discovery and forward-looking design • Leveraging external and existing solutions, taking intelligent risk for substantial gains, and factoring in life cycle cost advantages • Enabling ease of changes, upgrades, or technology insertion • Enabling joint integrated architectures and interoperability with other systems Sensis requires OA in our development process to be competitive

4. Sensis Radar Upgrade Product Line • OTD starts before the program begins • Product Specification is evaluated for capability gaps at proposal stage • Drives re-use starting at the top-level requirements/architecture • Benefits of previous development programs are inherent • Architecture based upon OA Core Principles • Key external and internal interfaces are isolated and well-defined • Individual components can be modified without impacting total architecture • Component designs are based upon life-cycle affordability and modularity • COTS components for servers, comms, and frequency synthesis • Reusable application software • SW components are written to allow adaptability • Demonstrated 2D/3D S- and L-Band signal processing and AESA components applicable to multiple radar platforms The result is a system that is adaptable and reconfigurable to address a variety of customer needs

5. SW OA Product Approach • Characteristics of the Open approach to SW Products include • Platform independence • All Software is built on middleware • All software should be capable of “desktop-development” rather than requiring the host platform • Strong APIs with a threading architecture • Component-Level Publish/Subscribe • Increases product reuse and configurability through loose coupling of components • Isolation of algorithms/functions into configurable libraries • Allows algorithm development and improvement without impacting transport and application framework OA software approach allows software products to be developed and refreshed independent of HW platform

6. Signal Processor Evolution OPEN CLOSED German Luftwaffe Hughes Air Defense Radars HADR-2000S 3D, S-Band Civil/Military Air Surveillance Phased Array PSR integrated with Monopulse SSR Installation October 2009 UK NATS Watchman SPE-3000 2D, S-Band Civil Air Surveillance 3 Sites Commissioned by UK CAA as of 2010 Canadian DND ASR-3 1+5 ASR-3 SPS and TX 2D, L-Band Civil/Military Air Surveillance Dual Redundant System with a Solid-State Transmitter Installation July 2010 Modern Mobile AESA Radar Global Legacy Rotating Radars State-of-the-Art Legacy Systems An OA Radar Signal Processor has been developed that is applicable to Legacy as well as State-of-the-Art systems

7. Minimizing SW Development Risk • Striving for widely supported, open source technologies as SW components and SW platforms reduce the impact during technology upgrades • Long-Term Supportability is correlated to Relative Openness • Allows the HW components of the product to be refreshed without major impact to the SW components Choosing Open Source technologies increases supportability and reduces risk in Total Ownership Cost

8. Quantifying Openness • Assessing SW/FW Reuse • Sensis Work Instruction defines a concrete, repeatable, and consistent method for evaluating the level of reuse of a given component for a given program within Sensis • Develops a “Reuse Level” that is equivalent to a effort factor to be used in estimating development costs • A series of measurement factors are used to evaluate the modifications required to estimate the level of reuse • Software, Pedigree, Requirements, Personnel aspects are included in the evaluation • Working with current customer for developing a methodology to evaluate total OA based on specific metrics Sensis is proactively and continuously reviewing our practices and new innovation

9. Practiced OA Radar A 3-D L-Band Mobile Radar Monopulse Range-Ambiguous Digital Beamforming Single scan hit-to-firm track Embedded SBCs, VxWorks Radar B • 3-D S-Band Fixed-Site Radar • Sequential lobing • Range-Unambiguous • Analog Beamforming • Multi-scan hit-to-firm track • COTS Servers, Linux New L1 L2 L3 High-level of reuse is quantifiable and achievable with a configurable, building-block architecture

10. HW OA Product Approach • Characteristics of the Open approach to HW Products include: • Leverage commercial advancements for technology agility • Afford future growth options in functionality and performance without disruptive and costly redesigns • Accommodate ready substitution for obsolete components • Employ commonly used standards for key interfaces • All like units interchangeable • No specialized tools or equipment to perform field service • Outcome is validated low production costs for Sensis Open Technology approach for T/R Units • Derived Open Technology L-Band T/R Unit costs for pilot and full production runs • Detailed bottoms-up costings based on Bill of Materials • Formal Quotations received from all suppliers – identified opportunities for cost take-outs • Benchmarked against an independently derived production cost for a conventional T/R Unit prototyped to the same Specification Control Document Open Technology T/R Unit implementation is fully 1/3 lower in production cost than its conventional design counterpart

11. Open Technology T/R Units • Sensis has employed Open Technology for the production of Transmit/Receive (T/R) units • Major component of a phased array radar antenna • Architected to deliver high performance while being operationally flexible • Demonstrated specification compliant performance • Product line philosophy with the Unit and its constituents being advantageous for multiple systems • Reduction in T/R unit production costs by at least a third • Quotations on competing approaches support this claim • Significant as the T/R units represent 50 to 70% of the array cost, which itself is 60 to 80% of the system cost • Reduction in operational and sustainment costs of up to 50% • Support system operational life-spans in excess of 20 years • Sensis asserts that to fully realize the promise of Open Architecture the principles must extend internal to the Units • External form/fit/function/interface interchangeability at the unit level is insufficient Sensis has validated the production cost-savings of OTD for HW components while avoiding vendor-lock and obsolescence

12. Resulting Product Characteristics • Sensis capabilities for radar are distinguished by: • Multi-mission capability • Operational flexibility, adaptable, scalable • State-of-the-Art performance • Performance isn’t sacrificed by implementing OA principles • Open Technology for software and hardware configuration items • Modular, platform independent, product line elements • Affordable, sustainable • Low development, acquisition, and support costs. Low technical risk. • Reliable operation • High availability with low mean time to repair • Efficient operation • Low overhead power consumption Sensis has embraced Open Architecture principles for high performance radar systems – legacy and next generation

13. Benefits of an Open Architecture, Product Line Approach • Within the paper “Comparing Acquisition Strategies: Open Architecture vs. Product Lines”1, the following benefits of an OA and Product Line approach are given: • Cost • Time to Delivery • Elimination of Duplicate Effort • Higher Quality • For Industry these translate internally to the following macro-level benefits: • Expanding Capability • Increasing Reuse • Reducing Time to Delivery • Development Cost Savings [1] Guertin, N., Clements, P., “Comparing Acquisition Strategies: Open Architecture vs. Product Lines” Sensis has realized the benefits that the Navy desires