Keystone Review Questions

1. Keystone Review Questions Press F5 to begin the slideshow

2. Tips for Answering Multiple Choice Questions • Read the entire question • Underline/Circle key words • Re-read the question • If you’re not sure about the question, focus in on the key words • Read all of the answer choices • Eliminate wrong answers • Choose the best answer • Re-read the question and the answer you chose • Don’t leave anything blank!

3. Example • Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which functional characteristic of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates? • large amount of stored information • ability to catalyze biochemical reactions • efficient storage of usable chemical energy • tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic • B

4. Tips for Open-Ended Questions • Read the entire background • Read the question and make sure you understand what it’s asking for • Ex: What organism…… • Answer all parts of the question you are being asked • Re-read your question and answer • If you are stuck, don’t leave it blank! Write something! They give partial credit. Write as much as you can think of that has anything to do with any of the key words in the question or paragraph

5. Example • Proteins are a major part of every living cell and have many different functions within each cell. Carbohydrates also perform numerous roles in living things. • Describe how the structures of proteins differ from the structures of carbohydrates. • Proteins are long chains of amino acids. They are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. They have specific shapes. Carbohydrates are sugars made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They can be simple or connected in long chains like starch.

6. Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? • ability to store hereditary information • use of organelles to control cell processes • use of cellular respiration for energy release • ability to move in response to environmental stimuli • A

7. Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? • cell wall and nucleus • cell wall and chloroplast • plasma membrane and nucleus • plasma membrane and cytoplasm • D

8. What are the four types of macromolecules? • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic acids

9. Information (Not a Question)

10. Which macromolecule is made of long chains of amino acids? • Protein

11. Which macromolecule is used for making the cell membrane? • Lipids

12. Which macromolecule stores hereditary information? • Nucleic Acids

13. Which macromolecule is used for short-term energy storage? • Carbohydrate

14. Enzymes are an example of what macromolecule? • Protein

15. A scientist observes that, when the pH of the environment surrounding an enzyme is changed, the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly decreases. Which statement best describes how a change in pH can affect an enzyme? • A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape. • A pH change can remove energy necessary to activate an enzyme. • A pH change can add new molecules to the structure of the enzyme. • A pH change can cause an enzyme to react with a different substrate. • A

16. Why does an enzyme function as a catalyst in a reaction? • It creates the right pH needed for the reaction. • It decreases the amount of energy needed for the reaction. • It provides the extra energy needed for the reaction. • It maintains the proper temperature needed for the reaction. • B

17. Directions: Write a P if the statement refers to Prokaryotes and an E if the statement • refers to Eukaryotes, if the statement refers to both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes write a B on the line. • ___ 1. This type(s) of cell does not have bound compartments. • ___ 2. This type(s) of cell contains DNA. • ___ 3. This type(s) of cell contains organelles. • ___ 4. A bacteria cell is an example of this type of cell. • ___ 5. This type(s) of cell contains a nucleus.

18. Directions: Write a P if the statement refers to Prokaryotes and an E if the statement • refers to Eukaryotes, if the statement refers to both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes write a B on the line. • _P__ 1. This type(s) of cell does not have bound compartments. • _B_ 2. This type(s) of cell contains DNA. • _E_ 3. This type(s) of cell contains organelles. • _P_ 4. A bacteria cell is an example of this type of cell. • _E_ 5. This type(s) of cell contains a nucleus.

19. Choose the Structure to Match the Function • Cellular Respiration • Mitochondria • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Chromosome • Cell Wall • Centriole • Mitochondria  • Lysosome • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Vacuole • Chloroplast

20. Choose the Structure to Match the Function • Protein Synthesis • Ribosome • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Chromosome • Cell Wall • Centriole • Mitochondria  • Lysosome • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Vacuole • Chloroplast

21. Choose the Structure to Match the Function • Contains the hereditary information • Nucleus • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Chromosome • Cell Wall • Centriole • Mitochondria  • Lysosome • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Vacuole • Chloroplast

22. Choose the Structure to Match the Function • Storage of water or waste • Vacuole • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Chromosome • Cell Wall • Centriole • Mitochondria  • Lysosome • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Vacuole • Chloroplast

23. Choose the Structure to Match the Function • Active in the movement of chromosomes during cell division • Centriole • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Chromosome • Cell Wall • Centriole • Mitochondria  • Lysosome • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Vacuole • Chloroplast

24. Choose the Structure to Match the Function • Storage of enzymes • Lysosome • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Chromosome • Cell Wall • Centriole • Mitochondria  • Lysosome • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Vacuole • Chloroplast

25. Choose the Structure to Match the Function • Transport within the cytoplasm • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Chromosome • Cell Wall • Centriole • Mitochondria  • Lysosome • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Vacuole • Chloroplast

26. Choose the Structure to Match the Function • Packages things to be shipped out of the cell • Golgi Apparatus • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Chromosome • Cell Wall • Centriole • Mitochondria  • Lysosome • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Vacuole • Chloroplast

27. Information (Not a question) • Diffusion: When materials move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

28. Information (Not a Question) • Osmosis • Certain molecules can’t move across the membrane • So, water will move across the membrane to try to even out the concentration on each side

29. Information (Not a question)

30. Information (Not a question) Protein Pumps Energy (ATP) is used to power the proteins that pump molecules into or out of the cell Active Transport

31. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that can move freely across a plasma membrane. What determines the direction that carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules move? • orientation of cholesterol in the plasma membrane • concentration gradient across the plasma membrane • configuration of phospholipids in the plasma membrane • location of receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane • B

32. A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane? • Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis. • Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion. • Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by osmosis. • Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by active transport. • B

33. Information (Not a Question) • Photosynthesis

34. Information (Not a question) • Cellular Respiration

35. Information (Not a question)

36. Using a microscope, a student observes a small, green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy transformation most likely occurs first within the observed organelle? • ATP to light • light to chemical • heat to electrical • chemical to chemical • B

37. Most organisms can be divided into two categories - prokaryotes and eukaryotes. What is the main difference between these two categories? • Eukaryotes are living organisms whereas prokaryotes include some nonliving matter. • Prokaryotes do not possess any means of locomotion and are thus unable to move. • Prokaryotes do not possess a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. • Eukaryotes are found in all of the six major taxonomic kingdoms. • D

38. Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severely limited by removal of the cell's • lysosomes. • plastids. • chloroplasts. • mitochondria. • D

39. Answer P for Photosynthesis, CR for Cell Respiration, or B for both • ______ Releases O2 • ______ Releases CO2 • ______ Uses CO2 • ______ Creates ATP during the process • ______ Produces sugar • ______Uses sugar

40. Answer P for Photosynthesis, CR for Cell Respiration, or B for both • __P___ Releases O2 • __R___ Releases CO2 • __P___ Uses CO2 • __B__ Creates ATP during the process • __P___ Produces sugar • ___R__Uses sugar

41. What process provides a vital connection between the Sun and the energy needs of living systems? • decomposition • cellular respiration • transpiration • photosynthesis • D

42. Fill in the boxes with the words from the list • ATP • Water/CO2 • Glucose/O2 • Sunlight

43. Fill in the boxes with the words from the list • 3 ATP • 4 Water/CO2 • 2 Glucose/O2 • 1 Sunlight

44. Information (Not a question)

45. Information (Not a question) • Mitosis is the process where your cells copy themselves and divide • At the end, you have two identical diploid cells • In meiosis, the cell divides twice, but only copies its DNA once • So we end up with a haploid cell • Gametes

46. Information (Not a question)

47. Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement best describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis? • A. Meiosis is a multi-step process. • B. Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells. • C. Meiosis is used in the repair of an organism. • D. Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells. • D

48. Information (not a question) A gene is a specific segment of the DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein – EX: eye color DNA is a molecule that carries genetic information which determines which proteins to make when A chromosome is a whole bunch of genes linked together into organized structure (eukaryotes it is linear / prokaryotes it is circular) An allele is a form of a gene – meaning it still is going to do what is asked (make eye color) but it has different information – blue eyes, brown eyes, hazel eyes…)

49. Two fish meet at the coral reef, fall in love, and get married that same night. They decide to make babies right away. The mom fish has a big fluffy tail (TT) while the dad has a very boring flat tail (tt). The dad is worried that he will pass his ugly tail down to his kids. What is the chance that the first child will have a flat tail? • T = fluffy tail t = flat tail • Genotypic Ratio:______ Phenotypic Ratio: _____

50. Two fish meet at the coral reef, fall in love, and get married that same night. They decide to make babies right away. The mom fish has a big fluffy tail (Tt) while the dad has a very boring flat tail (tt). The dad is worried that he will pass his ugly tail down to his kids. What is the chance that the first child will have a flat tail? • T = fluffy tail t = flat tail • Genotypic Ratio: 1:1 or 2:2 Phenotypic Ratio: 1:1 or 2:2 T t t Tttt t Tttt