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Means to the left and standard deviations to the right

TÖRES THEORELL Professor emeritus Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Presently scientific advisor at the Stockholm University Tores.Theorell@stressforskning.su.se.

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Means to the left and standard deviations to the right

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  1. TÖRES THEORELLProfessor emeritus Karolinska Institutet, StockholmPresently scientific advisor at the Stockholm UniversityTores.Theorell@stressforskning.su.se

  2. The KROKUS study was performed in a county in northern Sweden (Västernorrland) where regional activities (theatre, dance, chamber music, jazz and art groups) came to the work place for 90 minutes every week during 3 months. There were four work places with different job profiles (paper pulp factory, IKEA shop, governmental agency and insurance company). Not all employees could participate. 10 participants from each work site were recruited as informants. In these subjects assessments of plasma fibrinogen (venous blood), emotional exhaustion, depression and sleep disturbance (standardized questionnaires) were made before (in August) and after the intervention (in November). Visual analogue assessments for alertness, joy and tension were made on these participants before and after all activitiesFinal report Stress Research Institute, Theorell T and Hartzell M, P2665 2007 andTheorell, T., Hartzell, M. and Näslund, S. Brief report. A note on designing evaluations of health effects of cultural activities at work. Arts & Health. 1; 1, 89-92, 2009.

  3. Means to the left and standard deviations to the right

  4. Those who had the most pronounced vitality effects on average of the cultural programmes also reported more favourable development of plasma fibrinogen and emotional exhaustion than others informants. However, the same subjects also reported more deterioration of social support at work than the others.In qualitative interviews strong vitality effects were confirmed in several subjects. Those unaccustomed to ”fine arts” in some cases were strongly and positively surprised by experiences

  5. Bygren LO, Weissglas G, Wikström BM, Konlaan BB, Grjibovski A, Karlsson AB, Andersson SO, Sjöström M. Cultural participation and health: a randomized controlled trial among medical care staff. Psychosom Med. 2009 May;71(4):469-73 101 health care workers volunteered for the study. Randomization into two groups. In the experimental group participation in fine art activities (films, concerts, art exhibitions or singing in a choir) went on once a week for 8 weeks (the control group participants had to wait till after 8 weeks). Two SF-36 factors (social functioning and vitality) improved more in the experimental group than in the control group in the pre-post comparison

  6. Thus, one possibility to stimulate social cohesiveness/creativity and employee health would be to increase cultural activity in workplaces. But how frequent is that in Swedish workplaces?We asked our longitudinal study of working Swedes (slosh): Are cultural activities (movies, theatre performances, concerts, exhibitions) organised for the employees in your work place? 0=never, 1= some time per year, 2= some time per month, 3= some time per week or more often

  7. Figure 1. Prevalence of different frequencies of cultural activities at work reported during the three study years 0= No activities 1= Some time per year 2= Some time per month 3= Some time per week or more often. Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Study of Health, 2006 n= 5037, 2008 n= 9623, 2010 n= 8912

  8. Significant prediction of emotional exhaustion from 2008 to 2010 in Swedish population study of working men and womenTested explanatory variables: Gender, age, income, non-listening boss, psychological demands, decision authority, emotional exhaustion at start and cultural activities at work. N=6214The following factors had significant and mutually independent explanatory value in multivariate analysis: Emotional exhaustion at startAgePsychological demands GenderDecision authorityCultural activity at workNon-significant:IncomeNon-listening boss Theorell. Osika, Leineweber, Magnusson Hanson, Bojner Horwitz and Westerlund: Is cultural activity at work related to mental health in employees? Int Arch Occ Env Health 2012 (DOI 10.1007/s00420-012-0762-8)

  9. Conclusion: Organizing cultural activities at work has potential of improving employee health. A beneficial effect prospectively on the development of emotional exhaustion was observed in the population study. ”Vitality” and protection against emotional exhaustion are common themes in the studies However, HOW such activities are organized and WHO gets access is crucial. Preferably all employees should get some offer that fits (however, surprises are possible!)

  10. In an experiment in a home for elderly, one floor was assigned experimental and another one control group. In the experimental group, staff explored interests and allowed elderly to start groups with common interests. The control group participants were followed with the same observations as the experimental group participants at 0, 3 and 6 months (end of study)Social activities and wellbeing increased significantly in the experimental groupbut not in the control group. Several significant two-way interactions were observed for biological variablesArnetz et al Psychosom Med 45: 395-406, 1983

  11. Wikström BM, Theorell T, Sandström S. Medical health and emotional effects of art stimulation in old age. A controlled intervention study concerning the effects of visual stimulation provided in the form of pictures. Psychother Psychosom. 1993;60(3-4):195-206.Participants were randomly allocated either to the intervention (n = 20) or to the control (n = 20) group. Participants in both groups had the same amount of social contact with and attention from the experimenter. Several differences between the groups indicated improved well-being in the intervention group, an improvement not seen in the control group.

  12. Emotional loading Emot load int 0.50 0.25 0 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 emot load int emot load c-gr 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Occasion

  13. Laxative in two groups Laxative score int 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 laxative score int laxative score c-gr 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Occasion

  14. Divergent Effects of Joyful and Anxiety-Provoking Music onEndothelial VasoreactivityMICHAEL MILLER, MD, C. CHARLES MANGANO, BA, RDMS, VALERIE BEACH, RN, WILLEM J. KOP, PHD,AND ROBERT A. VOGEL, MDPsychosomatic Medicine72:354-356, 2010Objective: To evaluate the extent to which music may affect the endothelial function. Methods: Randomized four-phase crossover and counterbalanced trial in ten healthy,nonsmoking volunteers (70% male; mean age, 35.6 years) that included self-selections of music evoking joy or provoking anxiety.Two additional phases included watching video clips to induce laughter and listening to audio tapes to promote relaxation. Recuperation of circulation after occlusion in forearm was significantly faster with joyful music.Conclusion: Listening to joyful music may be an adjunctive life-style intervention for the promotion of vascular health.

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