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The NorduGrid Project

The NorduGrid Project. Oxana Smirnova Lund University November 3, 2003, Ko šice. Some facts. NorduGrid is: A Globus-based Grid middleware solution for Linux clusters A large international 24/7 production quality Grid facility A resource routinely used by researchers since summer 2002

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The NorduGrid Project

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  1. The NorduGrid Project Oxana SmirnovaLund UniversityNovember 3, 2003, Košice

  2. Some facts • NorduGrid is: • A Globus-based Grid middleware solution for Linux clusters • A large international 24/7 production quality Grid facility • A resource routinely used by researchers since summer 2002 • A freely available software • A project in development • NorduGrid is NOT: • Derived from other Grid solutions (e.g. EU DataGrid) • An application-specific tool • A testbed anymore • A finalized solution oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  3. Some history • Initiated by several Nordic universities • Copenhagen, Lund, Stockholm, Oslo, Bergen, Helsinki • Started in January 2001 • Initial budget: 2 years, 3 new positions • Initial goal: to deploy EU DataGrid middleware to run “ATLAS Data Challenge” • Cooperation with EU DataGrid • Common Certification Authority and Virtual Organization tools, Globus2 configuration • Common applications (high-energy physics research) • Switched from deployment to R&D in February 2002 • Forced by the necessity to execute “ATLAS Data Challenges” • Deployed a light-weight and yet reliable and robust Grid solution in time for the ATLAS DC tests in May 2002 • Will continue for 4-5 years more (and more?..) • Form the ”North European Grid Federation” together with the Dutch Grid, Belgium and Estonia • Will provide middleware for the ”Nordic Data Grid Facility” • …as well as for the Swedish Grid facility SWEGRID, Danish Center for Grid Computing, Finnish Grid projects etc oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  4. The resources • Almost everything the Nordic academics can provide (ca 1000 CPUs in total): • 4 dedicated test clusters (3-4 CPUs) • Some junkyard-class second-hand clusters (4 to 80 CPUs) • Few university production-class facilities (20 to 60 CPUs) • Two world-class clusters in Sweden, listed in Top500 (238 and 398 CPUs) • Other resources come and go • Canada, Japan – test set-ups • CERN, Dubna – clients • It’s open so far, anybody can join or part • Number of other installations unknown • People: • the “core” team keeps growing • local sysadmins are only called up when users need an upgrade oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  5. Who needs Grid Resources: supply/demand ratio • NorduGrid relies on academic resources of various ownership • National HPC centers • Universities • Research groups • All parts of the “spectrum” are interested in Grid development • For different reasons though • At this stage, very vague accounting, if any 1±ε Users Resources Technology Grid oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  6. Middleware • In order to build a Grid from a set of geographically distributed clusters you need: • Secure authentication and authorization • Access to information about available resources • Fast and reliable file transfers • These services are provided by the so called middleware • Most Grid projects have built their middleware using the Globus Toolkit 2 TM as a starting point oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  7. Components Information System oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  8. NorduGrid specifics • It is stable by design: • The nervous system: distributed yet stable Information System (Globus’ MDS 2.2+patches) • The heart(s): Grid Manager, the service to be installed at master nodes (based on Globus, replaces GRAM) • The brain(s): User Interface, the client/broker that can be installed anywhere as a standalone module (makes use of Globus) • It is light-weight, portable and non-invasive: • Resource owners retain full control; Grid Manager is effectively a yet another user (with many faces though) • Nothing has to be installed on worker nodes • No requirements w.r.t. OS, resource configuration, etc. • Clusters need not be dedicated • Runs on top of existing Globus installation (e.g. VDT) • Works with any Linux flavor, Solaris, Tru64 • Strategy: start with something simple that works for users and add functionality gradually oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  9. How does it work • Information system knows everything • Substantially re-worked and patched Globus MDS • Distributed and multi-rooted • Allows for a pseudo-mesh topology • No need for a centralized broker • The server (“Grid manager”) on each gatekeeper does most of the job • Pre- and post- stages files • Interacts with LRMS • Keeps track of job status • Cleans up the mess • Sends mails to users • The client (“User Interface”) does the brokering, Grid job submission, monitoring, termination, retrieval, cleaning etc • Interprets user’s job task • Gets the testbed status from the information system • Forwards the task to the best Grid Manager • Does some file uploading, if requested oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  10. Information System • Uses Globus’ MDS 2.2 • Soft-state registration allows creation of any dynamic structure • Multi-rooted tree • GIIS caching is not used by the clients • Several patches and bug fixes are applied • A new schema is developed, to serve clusters • Clusters are expected to be fairly homogeneous oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  11. Front-end and the Grid Manager • Grid Manager replaces Globus’ GRAM, still using Globus ToolkitTM 2 libraries • All transfers are made via GridFTP • Added a possibility to pre- and post-stage files, optionally using Replica Catalog information • Caching of pre-staged files is enabled • Runtime environment support oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  12. Summary of Grid services on the front-end machine • GridFTP server • Plugin for job submission via a virtual directory • Conventional file access with Grid access control • LDAP server for information services • Grid Manager • Forks “downloaders” and “uploaders” for file transfer oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  13. The User Interface • Provides a set of utilities to be invoked from the command line: • Contains a broker that polls MDS and decides to which queue at which cluster a job should be submitted • The user must be authorized to use the cluster and the queue • The cluster’s and queue’s characteristics must match the requirements specified in the xRSL string (max CPU time, required free disk space, installed software etc) • If the job requires a file that is registered in a Replica Catalog, the brokering gives priority to clusters where a copy of the file is already present • From all queues that fulfills the criteria one is chosen randomly, with a weight proportional to the number of free CPUs available for the user in each queue • If there are no available CPUs in any of the queues, the job is submitted to the queue with the lowest number of queued job per processor oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  14. Job Description: extended Globus RSL (&(executable="recon.gen.v5.NG") (arguments="dc1.002000.lumi02.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.zebra" "dc1.002000.lumi02.recon.007.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.eg7.602.ntuple" "eg7.602.job" “999") (stdout="dc1.002000.lumi02.recon.007.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.eg7.602.log") (stdlog="gridlog.txt")(join="yes") ( |(&(|(cluster="farm.hep.lu.se")(cluster="lscf.nbi.dk")(*cluster="seth.hpc2n.umu.se"*)(cluster="login-3.monolith.nsc.liu.se")) (inputfiles= ("dc1.002000.lumi02.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.zebra" "rc://grid.uio.no/lc=dc1.lumi02.002000,rc=NorduGrid,dc=nordugrid,dc=org/zebra/dc1.002000.lumi02.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.zebra") ("recon.gen.v5.NG" "http://www.nordugrid.org/applications/dc1/recon/recon.gen.v5.NG.db") ("eg7.602.job" "http://www.nordugrid.org/applications/dc1/recon/eg7.602.job.db") ("noisedb.tgz" "http://www.nordugrid.org/applications/dc1/recon/noisedb.tgz")) ) (inputfiles= ("dc1.002000.lumi02.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.zebra" "rc://grid.uio.no/lc=dc1.lumi02.002000,rc=NorduGrid,dc=nordugrid,dc=org/zebra/dc1.002000.lumi02.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.zebra") ("recon.gen.v5.NG" "http://www.nordugrid.org/applications/dc1/recon/recon.gen.v5.NG") ("eg7.602.job" "http://www.nordugrid.org/applications/dc1/recon/eg7.602.job")) ) (outputFiles= ("dc1.002000.lumi02.recon.007.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.eg7.602.log" "rc://grid.uio.no/lc=dc1.lumi02.recon.002000,rc=NorduGrid,dc=nordugrid,dc=org/log/dc1.002000.lumi02.recon.007.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.eg7.602.log") ("histo.hbook" "rc://grid.uio.no/lc=dc1.lumi02.recon.002000,rc=NorduGrid,dc=nordugrid,dc=org/histo/dc1.002000.lumi02.recon.007.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.eg7.602.histo") ("dc1.002000.lumi02.recon.007.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.eg7.602.ntuple" "rc://grid.uio.no/lc=dc1.lumi02.recon.002000,rc=NorduGrid,dc=nordugrid,dc=org/ntuple/dc1.002000.lumi02.recon.007.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.eg7.602.ntuple")) (jobname="dc1.002000.lumi02.recon.007.01101.hlt.pythia_jet_17.eg7.602") (runTimeEnvironment="ATLAS-6.0.2") (CpuTime=1440)(Disk=3000)(ftpThreads=10)) oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  15. RSL RSL B! Task flow Cluster A RC SE Gatekeeper GridFTP SE Front-end UI+RB Grid Manager Cluster B MDS oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  16. A snapshot oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  17. Performance • The main load: “ATLAS Data Challenge 1” (DC1) • Major load from May 2002 to August 2003 • DC1, phase1 (detector simulation): • Total number of jobs: 1300, ca. 24 hours of processing 2 GB of input each • Total output size: 762 GB • All files uploaded to Storage Elements and registered in the Replica Catalog. • DC1, phase2 (pile-up of data): • Piling up the events above with a background signal • 1300 jobs, ca. 4 hours each • DC1, phase3 (reconstruction of signal) • 2150 jobs, 5-6 hours of processing 1 GB of input each • Other applications: • Calculations for string fragmentation models (Quantum Chromodynamics) • Quantum lattice models calculations (sustained load of 150+ long jobs at any given moment for several days) • Particle physics analysis and modeling • Biology applications • At peak production, up to 500 jobs were managed by the NorduGrid at the same time oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  18. What is needed for installation • A cluster or even a single machine • For a server: • Any Linux flavor (binary RPMs exist for RedHat and Mandrake, ev. for Debian) • A local resource management system, e.g., PBS • Globus installation (NorduGrid has an own distribution in a single RPM) • Host certificate (and user certificates) • Some open ports (depends on the cluster size) • One day to go through all the configuration details • The owner always retains a full control • Installing NorduGrid does not give automatic access to the resources • And other way around • But with a bit of negotiations, one can get access to very considerable resources on a very good network • Current stable release is 0.3.30; daily CVS snapshots are available oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

  19. Summary • NorduGrid pre-release (currently 0.3.30) works reliably • Release 1.0 is slowly but surely on its way; many fixes are still needed • Developers are welcomed: much functionality is still missing, such as: • Bookkeeping, accounting • Group- and role-based authorization • Scalable resource discovery and monitoring service • Interactive tasks • Integrated, scalable and reliable data management • Interfaces to other resource management systems • New users and resources are welcomed oxana.smirnova@hep.lu.se

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