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Affirmative Action. Mark Shuda Chandler Hill. Definition. Affirmative action- policies used in the United States to increase opportunities for minorities.
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Affirmative Action Mark Shuda Chandler Hill
Definition • Affirmative action- policies used in the United States to increase opportunities for minorities. • Affirmative action- Steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded.
Controversy • The goals of Affirmative action involve preferential selection • Selection is based on race, gender, or ethnicity • This raises questions of reverse racism
References in History • The term affirmative action was first used by President John F. Kennedy in a 1961 • “to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during their employment, without regard to race, creed, color or national origin”
References in History • President Richard Nixon was the first to implement federal policies designed to guarantee minority hiring. • In 1969 the Nixon administration developed the Philadelphia Plan, requiring that contractors on federally assisted projects set specific goals for hiring minorities.
Today • Today affirmative action had become an accepted practice throughout American society. • Affirmative action has become a key tool not only to achieve greater equality in the nation, but also to help manage sustained economic growth and secure the national defense.