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Bone tissue

Bone tissue. Anatomy of a bone Structure of bone tissue Formation and growth of bone Fracture and repair Effects of physiological processes on bone. The parts of a long bone. Diaphysis-shaft Epiphyses- ends Come together at metaphyses Articular cartilage protects epiphyses

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Bone tissue

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  1. Bone tissue • Anatomy of a bone • Structure of bone tissue • Formation and growth of bone • Fracture and repair • Effects of physiological processes on bone

  2. The parts of a long bone • Diaphysis-shaft • Epiphyses- ends • Come together at metaphyses • Articular cartilage protects epiphyses • Periosteum covers bone • Medullary cavity contains marrow; is lined by endosteum

  3. Bone cells

  4. Organization of bone tissue compact spongy

  5. Compact bone External layer Arranged in osteons Lamellae are found around periphery and between osteons Central canals connected to each other by perforating canals Spongy bone No osteons Arranged in trabeculae Major type of tisse in short, flat, irregular bones Much lighter than compact bone Supports red bone marrow Compact vs. spongy bone

  6. Blood and nerve supply to bone • Abundant supply of blood • May have several nutrient arteries • Nerves accompany blood vessels

  7. Ossification (osteogenesis) • Bone forms within mesenchyme in layers (intramembranous) • Flat bones of skull and mandible • Osteocytes secrete calcium • Compact and spongy bone form

  8. Endochondral ossification • Most bones are formed this way • Calcification is triggered when chondrocytes die • Vascularization triggers ossification

  9. Bone growth in length (epiphyseal plate) • Growth is on epiphyseal side • Resting cartilage secures epiphyseal plate • Dividing cells are in proliferating cartilage • Cells mature in hypertrophic cartilage • Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage

  10. Bones get thicker by appositional growth • Osteoblasts form new extracellular matrix • Blood vessel becomes enclosed, supports new osteon • Osteoblasts lay down extracellular matrix

  11. Bone remodeling replaces old tissue • Resorption by osteoclasts, deposition by osteoblasts • Strengthens bone • Repairs damaged bone

  12. Types of fracture Stress fracture is not visible; Overuse or degeneration

  13. Process of fracture repair Bone grows slowly; blood supply may be affected

  14. Life processes and bone formation • Why is exercise good for bones? • How does aging affect bones? • Loss of bone mass due to calcium loss • Decreased production of collagen

  15. Treatment of osteoporosis • Prevention • Steroid hormone replacement (stimulates osteoblast activity) • Evista has estrogen-like effects on bone formation • Fosamax blocks bone resorption

  16. Summary • Bone is a complex tissue • It is constantly being remodeled • Bones consist of compact and spongy bone, lots of blood vessels and nerves • Functions of bone: • Support and protection • Movement • Calcium levels • Blood cell formation • Fat storage

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