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Connective Tissue/Bone

Connective Tissue/Bone. Connective Tissue. ligaments tendons bones synovium labra cartilage bursa fat pads etc. Connective Tissue. Extra-cellular matrix Cells - blast – synthesis of extracellular matrix (collagen) - clast – break-down extracellular matrix.

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Connective Tissue/Bone

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  1. Connective Tissue/Bone

  2. Connective Tissue • ligaments • tendons • bones • synovium • labra • cartilage • bursa • fat pads etc.

  3. Connective Tissue • Extra-cellular matrix • Cells - blast – synthesis of extracellular matrix (collagen) - clast – break-down extracellular matrix

  4. Extra-cellular matrix • Non-Fibrous Ground Substance - glycoproteins & proteoglycans - H2O binding, structure, protection

  5. Extra-cellular matrix • Fibrous - collagen (white) - elastin (yellow)

  6. Bone • Hardest CT • Protects • Links • Attachment site • Facilitates movement (lever)

  7. Components of Bone • Inorganic (rigid/hard) - Ca and PO3 (65-70% of wt.) • Organic (flexible/resilient) - collagen (25-30% of wt.)

  8. Components of Bone • Ground Substance - GAG • H20 (25% of wt.) • Cells

  9. Structure of Bone • Fundamental unit: osteon or haversian system • Concentric layers/lamellae • Collagen is intertwined ( strength)

  10. Structure of Bone • Cortical/Compact - outer layer - more dense • Withstands compression > tensile > shear

  11. Mechanical Behavior • Affected by: • loading mode – type of force/torque • rate of loading • frequency of loading • geometric characteristics • mechanical properties of materials

  12. Loading Mode • Tensile - attachment sites • Compressive - vertebra • Shear - fx in cancellous bone / tibial plateau • Bending

  13. Loading Mode • torsion – twisting about the longitudinal axis spiral fx. • combined loading – explains most fractures

  14. High loading Rate Load Low loading Rate Deformation Rate of Loading • Bone is viscoelastic • Load to failure rate almost doubled

  15. Injury Load Repetition Frequency of Loading

  16. Stress/Fatigue Fx Model Strenuous Exercise Fatigued Muscle Loss of Shock Absorbing Capacity Altered Gait Abnormal Loading Altered Stress Distribution High Compression Slow Combined Process High Tension Fast Debonding of Osteons/transverse cracks Oblique Cracks Oblique Fracture Transverse Fracture

  17. Geometric Properties • Stress = force/area (large the cross-sectional area stiffer and stronger the bone) • Longer the bone the more susceptible to bending moments

  18. Normal Load Immobilized Deformation Effects of Immobilization

  19. Normal Load Immobilized Deformation Effects of Immobilization

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