Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Info Studies

1. High Impact Research: Blending Science, Engineering & DesignBen Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu @benbendcFounding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction LabProfessor, Department of Computer ScienceMember, Institute for Advanced Computer StudiesUniversity of MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742

2. Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Info Studies - Psych, Socio, Educ, Jour & MITH www.cs.umd.edu/hcilvimeo.com/72440805

3. Design Issues Input devices & strategies Keyboards, pointingdevices,voice Direct manipulation Menus, forms, commands Output devices & formats Screens, windows, color, sound Text, tables, graphics Instructions, messages, help Collaboration &Social Media Help, tutorials, training Search www.awl.com/DTUI Fifth Edition: 2010 • Visualization

4. Spotfire: Retinol’s role in embryos & vision

5. Spotfire: DC natality data

6. Spotfire Treemap: Bond Portfolio Analysis www.spotfire.com

7. Spotfire Networks: Supply Chain Analysis

8. www.spotfire.com

9. 10M - 100M pixels: Large displays

10. 16M pixels: My New Workstation

11. 100M-pixels & more

12. 1M-pixels & less Small mobile devices

13. Information Visualization: Mantra • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand (The Eyes Have It, IEEE VL, 1996)

14. Information Visualization: Data Types 1-D Linear Document Lens, SeeSoft, Info Mural 2-D Map GIS, ArcView, PageMaker, Medical imagery 3-D World CAD, Medical, Molecules, Architecture Multi-Var Spotfire, Tableau, Qliktech, DataWatch Temporal EventFlow, TimeSearcher, Palantir, DataMontage Tree Cone/Cam/Hyperbolic, SpaceTree, Treemap Network Pajek, UCINet, NodeXL, Gephi, Tom Sawyer Text TagClouds, Wordle, ManyEyes, Ngram Viewer InfoViz SciViz . infosthetics.com visualcomplexity.com eagereyes.org flowingdata.com perceptualedge.com datakind.org visual.ly Visualizing.org infovis.org

15. High Impact Research: Blending Science, Engineering & DesignBen Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu @benbendcFounding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction LabProfessor, Department of Computer ScienceMember, Institute for Advanced Computer StudiesUniversity of MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742

16. High Impact Research: A Vision for UMIACSBen Shneiderman (Chair, CS/HCI), Marshini Chetty (iSchool/HCI), Mihai Pop (CS/Computational Biology), Rance Cleaveland (CS/Software Engineering), Tudor Dumitras (ECE/Cybersecurity) Metaphor

17. Metaphor

18. High Impact Research: A Vision for UMIACSBen Shneiderman (Chair, CS/HCI), Marshini Chetty (iSchool/HCI), Mihai Pop (CS/Computational Biology), Rance Cleaveland (CS/Software Engineering), Tudor Dumitras (ECE/Cybersecurity) Metaphor

19. High Impact Research: A Vision for UMIACSBen Shneiderman (Chair, CS/HCI), Marshini Chetty (iSchool/HCI), Mihai Pop (CS/Computational Biology), Rance Cleaveland (CS/Software Engineering), Tudor Dumitras (ECE/Cybersecurity) Metaphor

20. Jefferson’s Mission Statement (1804) Inspiration “object of your mission is to explore…the most direct & practicable water communication across the continent, for the purpose of commerce.” + geography, geology, astronomy, biology, meteorology + Indian languages, laws, customs, religion, agriculture, hunting & fishing

21. Kennedy Moon Shot Speech (1961) Inspiration “The growth of our science & education will be enriched by new knowledge of our universe & environment, by new techniques of learning & mapping, … by new tools & computers for industry, medicine, home & school.”

22. UN Millennium Development Goals Inspiration To be achieved by 2015 • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Achieve universal primary education • Promote gender equality and empower women • Reduce child mortality • Improve maternal health • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Ensure environmental sustainability • Develop a global partnership for development

23. Grand Challenges: NAE (2008) Inspiration Make solar energy economical  Provide energy from fusion Develop carbon sequestration methods Manage the nitrogen cycle Provide access to clean water Restore and improve urban infrastructure  Advance health informatics  Engineer better medicines  Reverse-engineer the brain Prevent nuclear terror Secure cyberspace Enhance virtual reality Advance personalized learning Engineer the tools of scientific discovery www.engineeringchallenges.org/

24. Inspiration Longitude Prize 2014: Crowdsourced Ensure everyone can have access to safe & clean water? Restore movement to those with paralysis? Fly without damaging the environment? Help people with dementia live independently for longer Prevent the rise of resistance to antibiotics? Ensure everyone has nutritious, sustainable food?

25. Inspiration Longitude Prize 2014: Crowdsourced Ensure everyone can have access to safe & clean water? Restore movement to those with paralysis? Fly without damaging the environment? Help people with dementia live independently for longer Prevent the rise of resistance to antibiotics? Ensure everyone has nutritious, sustainable food?

26. Vannevar Bush: FDR’s Science Advisor • Science: The Endless Frontier (1945) • Separates basic (or pure) from applied research • Urges strong gov’t support for academic basic research: “statistically it is certain that important and highly useful discoveries will result from some fraction of the work undertaken; but the results of any one particular investigation cannot be predicted with accuracy.” • - Warns: “applied research invariably drives out pure” The Problem

27. Vannevar Bush: FDR’s Science Advisor • Science: The Endless Frontier (1945) • Separates basic (or pure) from applied research • Urges strong gov’t support for academic basic research: “statistically it is certain that important and highly useful discoveries will result from some fraction of the work undertaken; but the results of any one particular investigation cannot be predicted with accuracy.” • - Warns: “applied research invariably drives out pure” • But he was wrong. These beliefs are just not true. The Problem

28. Linear Model Basic Research Applied Research Development Production & operations The Problem

29. Linear Model Basic Research Applied Research Development Production & operations Rarely works: Basic Researchers choose wrong problems  Technology Transfer is a struggle The Problem

30. Reverse Linear Model Basic Research Applied Research Development Production & operations Successful pattern: Listen to industry problems & solve them  Technology Transfer is easier

31. High Impact Model: Raised Expectations Production & operations Development Basic Research Applied Research http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/04/toward-an- ecological-model-of-research-and-development/275187/

32. High Impact Model: Raised Expectations Production & operations Development Basic Research Applied Research “use-inspired basic research” “theory-inspired applied research”

33. High Impact Model: Raised Expectations Production & operations Development Basic Research Applied Research “Theory without practice cannot survive and dies as quickly as it lives.” “He who loves practice without theory is like the sailor who boards ship without a rudder and compass and never knows where he may cast.” -- Leonardo Da Vinci

34. Research Project: 2 parents, 3 children Basic Theory AppliedProblem Research Project Refine Theory Solve Problem Provide Guidance to Future Researchers

35. High Impact Research Strategies Choose actionable problems: civic, business & global priorities

36. High Impact Research Strategies Blend science, engineering & design research methods Choose actionable problems: civic, business & global priorities

37. Science, Engineering, Design

38. High Impact Research Strategies Blend science, engineering & design research methods Form teamswith diverse individuals & organizations Choose actionable problems: civic, business & global priorities

39. Teams: Winning Strategy • Magic of Two (End of the Lone Genius) • Teams: hugely effective, but difficult to run • May take practice to gain skills • Clear goals, clear roles • Trust, communication, recognition • Large teams need administrative support scienceofteamscience.org www.teamsciencetoolkit.cancer.gov

40. High Impact Research Strategies Blend science, engineering & design research methods Form teamswith diverse individuals & organizations Strive for universal theories, principles & guidelines Choose actionable problems: civic, business & global priorities

41. What kinds of theories are there? • Descriptive • Explanatory • Predictive • Prescriptive • Generative

42. What kinds of theories are there? • Cognitive • Perceptual • Motor skills • Small Group Teamwork • Organizational/Leadership • Social/Cultural • Descriptive • Explanatory • Predictive • Prescriptive • Generative

43. High Impact Research Strategies Test prototypes with realistic interventions Use big data & case study methods Blend science, engineering & design research methods Form teamswith diverse individuals & organizations Strive for universal theories, principles & guidelines Choose actionable problems: civic, business & global priorities

44. Prototype & test • “Something Small Soon” • Be agile, Gather data, Fail sooner • Scale-up, scale-out • Find partners with living laboratories • Repeated case studies support theories • Writing clarifies thinking • Publishing gains feedback

45. High Impact Research Strategies Promote adoption & assess impact Test prototypes with realistic interventions Use big data & case study methods Blend science, engineering & design research methods Form teamswith diverse individuals & organizations Strive for universal theories, principles & guidelines Choose actionable problems: civic, business & global priorities

46. How to Promote Adoption Ideas travel through networks and relationships Cultivate champions. Present, Present, Present! Become a trustworthy source in your field Address areas of policy interest Join relevant committees & insert your findings into decision making Consider Action Research designs Don’t wait for publication. Disseminate early https://becker.wustl.edu/impact-assessment/strategies

47. Promote Adoption & Assess Impact • Promote Adoption • Send Five & Thrive • Distribute copies of papers, create websites, make videos • Travel to speak at conferences & to colleagues • Write follow up papers, seek citations • Assess Impact • Measure downloads, tweets, blogposts, media mentions • Win Best Paper Awards, collect testimonials • Count citations • Repeat for Research, Researchers & Organizations

48. Research on Science & Technology • 1975: Society for Social Studies of Science (4S) • 1993: Int’l Society for Scientometrics & Informetrics • 2007: Int’l Society for the Psychology of Science & Technology • 2008: NSF Science of Science & Innovation Policy (SciSIP) • 2010: Science of Team Science Conference (SciTS) (www.scienceofteamscience.org)

49. Research on Science & Technology • 1975: Society for Social Studies of Science (4S) • 1993: Int’l Society for Scientometrics & Informetrics • 2007: Int’l Society for the Psychology of Science & Technology • 2008: NSF Science of Science & Innovation Policy (SciSIP) • 2010: Science of Team Science Conference (SciTS) (www.scienceofteamscience.org) • 2011: Altmetrics Conference (www.altmetrics.org) • 2011: Beyond Impact Workshop (www.beyond-impact.org) • 2011: Becker Assessment Model (becker.wustl.edu/impact-assessment/) • 2012: SF-Declaration on Research Assessment (am.ascb.org/dora/)

50. www.cs.umd.edu/hcil@benbendc