May 16th, 2012 RSA 2012 European Conference, Delft Dr. Karl Peter Schön

1. Europe‘s territorytowards the year 2020 May 16th, 2012RSA 2012 European Conference, Delft Dr. Karl Peter Schön Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBR) Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR) I 3 - European Spatial and Urban Development

2. Towards the year 2020: the new horizon for EU strategies • EU 2020 StrategyEurope‘s strategy for smart, sustainable, inclusive growth • Territorial Agenda TA2020Für ein integratives, intelligentes und nachhaltiges Europa der vielfältigen Regionen • EU cohesion policy 2014-2020central implementation tool for EU growth strategy • EU Research Programme Horizon 2020

3. EU needs measures for economic growth In addition to financial stabilisation measures… … the EU needs measures for economic growth.

4. EU needs measures for economic growth In addition to financial stabilisation measures… … the EU needs measures for economic growth. But: the EU already has a growth strategy! The EU 2020 Strategy- Europe‘s strategy for smart, sustainable, inclusive growth –was adopted by the European Council in 2010 So what is wrong with the EU 2020 Strategy?

5. Towards the year 2020: the new horizon for EU strategies The Ministers responsible for Spatial Planning and Territorial Development, on 19th May 2011 in Gödöllö, Hungary, adopted the Territorial Agenda TA2020- Towards an inclusive, smart and sustainable Europe of diverse regions –

6. TA2020 and EU2020 The TA intends to combine the EU2020 goals with the goals of territorial cohesion and balanced territorial development in EU adds a territorial dimension to EU 2020 strategy The relationship between the TA2020 and the Europe 2020 Strategy has to be mutual: territorial policy should contribute to the achievement of the Europe 2020 Strategy goals and the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy shall contribute to territorial cohesion.

7. EU2020 and TA2020 • Territorial cohesion is a common goalFor a more harmonious and balanced state of Europe • (3) We state that the TA2020 is our action oriented policy framework to support territorial cohesion in Europe… • (4) The objective of the TA2020 is to provide strategic orientations for territorial development, fostering integration of territorial dimension within different policies at all governance levels and to ensure implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy according to territorial cohesion principles. • (5) We believe that the objectives of the EU defined in the Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth can only be achieved if the territorial dimension of the strategy is taken into account, as the development opportunities of the different regions vary.

8. Sector policyThematic approachesEconomy, employment, innovation, research Territorial policyTerritorial approachesplace based policies, spatial development policies Growth and jobs Territorial Cohesion goals Smartsustainableinclusive Spatial imbalancesTerritorial capital challenges Europe 2020 TA 2020 strategies Cohesion Policy 2014-2020 instruments

9. Word Cloud EU 2020

10. Word Cloud TA 2020

11. Discussion of EU2020 Implementation depends on national ambitionssum of all national targets is not enough No reference to regional levelHow are regions affected? How can they contribute? What effects for balanced development and cohesion?Can lagging regions profit from the EU2020 Strategy? How can Cohesion Policy and Structural Funds (esp. ERDF, ESF) support the implementation of the EU2020 Strategy? What role for other EU policies (e.g. Horizon 2020)

12. Target values: EU2020 Targets: EU wide ambitions National ambitions: above & below this EU average How do they add up to EU targets? Can all regions contribute to the same degree? How can national targets be decomposed into regional targets? Example: which ambitions for German regions?BBSR project implemented by Spatial Foresight, Luxembourg

13. The 5 targets for the EU in 2020 1. Employment 75% of the 20-64 year-olds to be employed 2. R&D  3% of the EU's GDP to be invested in R&D 3. Climate change / energy greenhouse gas emissions 20% (or even 30%, if the conditions are right) lower than 1990 20% of energy from renewables 20% increase in energy efficiency 4. Education Reducing school drop-out rates below 10% at least 40% of 30-34–year-olds completing third level education 5. Poverty / social exclusion at least 20 million fewer people in or at risk of poverty and social exclusion < 74% ~ 2,7% o.k. o.k. < 20% ~10,4% ~ 38%

14. R&D expenditure EU 2009: 2,0% Target 2020: 3,0% Expected 2020: 2,7%

15. R&D expenditure

16. R&D expenditure

17. 125 metropolitan regions account for 10% of the total area concentrate 50% of Europe‘s population (=350 mio inh.) and 65% of Europe‘s GDP (=8.500 bn €) and 80% of all metropolitan functions

20. Complementarity between R&D and SF? • Research & Development expenditures, if oriented at excellency and innovation, will probably favour strong metropolitan or some smaller specialised “science regions” and thus will not contribute to a more balanced spatial development. (“Horizon 2020”) • This is probably true also for SF measures with a strong focus on innovation • But can SF (ERDF, ESF) also contribute to better conditions in “non-science” regions to enable them to better compete and perform in future? • What kind of institutional setting is needed to fully exploit such complementarities?

21. EU 2009: 69,0% Target 2020: 75,0% Expected 2020: 70-74% Employment

22. total Employment

23. male Employment

24. female Employment

25. DifferenceMale-Female Employment

31. Strategies for employment • Employment / unemployment situations differ largely between regions, and also within regions (e.g., concentration of unemployment in deprived urban neighbourhoods). • Youth unemployment, i.e. the integration of the next generation into our societies, is one of the most challenging tasks ahead. • Shrinking population = workforce could lead to strained labour markets in some regions of Europe • Integrated and targeted measures are needed to tackle problems in specific regional/local settings.

32. EU Programming 2014-2020 • Cohesion Policy 2014 – 2020 will have two elements: • Investments for growth and jobs • European territorial cooperation • Based on EU2020 Strategy • Structural Funds Regulations • Concentration on 4 thematic objectives

33. Structural Funds 2014 – 2020 Concentration on (4) thematic objectives (out of 11) • Strengthening research, technological development and innovation • Enhancing access to, and use and quality of information and communication technologies • Enhancing competitiveness of SMEs, the agricultural sector (for EAFRD) and the fisheries and agriculture sector (for the EMFF) • Support the shift to a low- carbon economy in all sectors • Promote climate change adaptation, risk prevention and management • Protecting the environment and promoting resource efficiency • Promoting sustainable transport and removing bottlenecks in key network infrastructures • Promoting employment and supporting labour mobility • Promoting social inclusion and combating poverty • Investing in education, skills and lifelong learning • Enhancing institutional capacity and an efficient public administration

34. Thematic concentration vs. Integrated strategies • Concentration on 4 thematic objectives represents a sectoral approach • But there are elements of integrated strategies, esp. In „European Territorial Cooperation“ • Art. 2 ETC regulation defines „integrated territorial development“ as a central objective of Transnational Cooperation (INTERREG B) • Is concentration on 4 thematic objectives helpful?

35. Integrated strategies Supporting the international cooperation capacities of EU regions INTERREG B (and Macroregions) strengthening transnational cooperation in large areas Supporting a better dialogue with coordination of sector policies ESPON: Analysis of territorial impacts of sectoral policiesfurther develop the knowledge base on territorial development Urban orientation: Urban and metropolitan regions, Urban Innovative Actions,ITI: Integrated Territorial Instruments

36. Thank you for your attention! Further information: • www.bbsr.bund.de • peter.schoen@bbr.bund.de