1 / 38

Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE- 201 Supervisor: Prof. Dr Magda Sultan

Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE- 201 Supervisor: Prof. Dr Magda Sultan Date :10/10/2013. Outcome : The student will know : The importance of Hemoglobin. The importance of Hematocrit . How to calculate the red cell indices?. Red Blood Cells

adie
Download Presentation

Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE- 201 Supervisor: Prof. Dr Magda Sultan

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Course title : Hematology (1) Course code : MLHE- 201 Supervisor: Prof. Dr Magda Sultan Date :10/10/2013

  2. Outcome : The student will know : The importance of Hemoglobin. The importance of Hematocrit . How to calculate the red cell indices?

  3. Red Blood Cells • Haemoglobin concentration • If red cells are lysed, the haemoglobin is released from the red cells and forms a solution in the plasma. The haemoglobin concentration (Hb) can be measured biochemically by light absorption at a specified wave length after a chemical reaction which converts haemoglobin to cyanmethaemoglobin .

  4. Hb is measured in either grams per decilitre (g/dl) or grams per litre (g/l). A fall in the Hb is referred to as anaemia.

  5. Haematocrit or packed cell volume • An alternative way of detecting anaemia is to centrifuge a tube containing an aliquot of blood and measure the proportion of the column of blood which is occupied by the red cells. • This test is called a packed cell volume (PCV) or a • haematocrit (Hct). • This measurement is expressed as a decimal percentage, i.e. as litres/litre (e.g. 0.45).

  6. Red cell indices • Red cells can vary in their size and in the amount of haemoglobin contained in an individual cell. • Diagnostically useful informations can be obtained by measuring the red cell indices : Mean cell volume (MCV). Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH). Mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC).

  7. The formulae which relate the various red cell indices to each other are as follows: • MCV is measured in femtolitres MCH is measured in picograms MCHC is measured in g/dl

  8. Normal ranges • In order to interpret blood counts it is necessary to know what is normal. This is usually done by reference to either a normal or a reference range.

  9. Assessing Red Cells • Red cells should be assessed as to their: • number • size • shape • degree of haemoglobinization • distribution in the blood film.

  10. Assessing red cell number and distribution -Anaemia -Polycythaemia - Rouleaux formation - Red cell agglutination

  11. Normal distribution of red cells in a healthy subject with normal Hb.

  12. Anaemia (caused by iron deficiency)

  13. Polycythaemia.

  14. Rouleaux

  15. Red cell agglutinates

  16. Assessing red cell size: -Microcytosis. -Macrocytosis. -Anisocytosis. • If cells are smaller than normal they are described as microcyticand if larger than normal as macrocytic. • Red cells of normal size are said to be normocytic. • If red cells show greater variation in size than normal the blood film is said to show anisocytosis.

  17. Normocytic red cells.

  18. Microcytic red cells (MCV 62fl )

  19. Macrocytic red cells (MCV 105 fl)

  20. Anisocytosis

  21. Assessing red cell shape (poikilocytosis) • If red cells show more than the normal degree of variation in red cell shape there is said to be poikilocytosis

  22. Diagrammatic representation of different types of poikilocyte Diagrammatic representation of different types of poikilocyte

  23. Moderate numbers of spherocytes (in hereditary spherocytosis

  24. Several irregularly contracted cells (in haemoglobin C disease). • The majority of the other cells are target cells.

  25. Numerous elliptocytes and ovalocytes (in hereditary elliptocytosis).

  26. Several dacrocytes (tear-drop poikilocytes) (in idiopathicmyelofibrosis).

  27. Numerous stomatocytes (in hereditary stomatocytosis).

  28. Several keratocytes (in microangiopathichaemolyticanaemia); • keratocytes are sometimes called ‘bite cells’ because they look as if a bite has been taken from them

  29. Several schistocytes (red cell fragments) including a microspherocyte (in haemolyticuraemic syndrome)

  30. Echinocytes (crenated cells) (in chronic renal failure)

  31. Acanthocytes (in abetalipoproteinaemia

  32. One sickle cell and several boat-shaped cells (in sickle cell anaemia )

  33. Assessing red cell colour: - Normochromic - Hypochromic

  34. Normochromic red cells

  35. Hypochromic red cells

  36. Assignment

  37. Training Questions : • What are the red cell indices formulae ? • Mention the different red cell shapes . • How to assess red cells regarding their size ?

  38. Reference book - Dacie - Essential Haematology

More Related