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CIGRE SC B5 Colloquium in Calgary 2005: SR for PS#3 Question 14

CIGRE SC B5 Colloquium in Calgary 2005: SR for PS#3 Question 14. Joint Meeting and Colloquium of the CIGRE’ Study Committee B5 - Protection & Automation and IEEE Power System Relaying Committee Question #14:

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CIGRE SC B5 Colloquium in Calgary 2005: SR for PS#3 Question 14

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  1. CIGRE SC B5 Colloquium in Calgary 2005: SR for PS#3 Question 14 Joint Meeting and Colloquium of theCIGRE’ Study Committee B5 - Protection & Automation andIEEE Power System Relaying Committee Question #14: What influences of shunt capacitor banks on protection measurement are reported and how are the effects mitigated ?

  2. ACRE-RONDONIA Power System 188 km 302 km Strong Infeed Weak Infeed Shunt Capacitor Banks

  3. L2 Thevènin Reduction of the ELN Acre-Rondonia System for Computer-Aided Analysis & Simulations Shunt Capacitor Bank Rio Branco S/S Abuna S/S Porto Velho S/S 20 MVAr 07 03 C2 A1 A2 C1 E2 E1 08 04 06   L1 ZS1 , ZS10 ZS2 ,ZS20 Strong Infeed 02 Weak Infeed 188 km 302 km 160 MVAr 01 05 09 130 MVAr Shunt Capacitor Banks

  4. The problems • Shunt capacitors have a considerable impact on the circulating currents and transient behaviour of the protection relay during line faults under weak infeed conditions. • Some faults can challenge the basic principles and, unless measures are taken, incorrect operation of the protection devices can result. • Some examples of such conditions are close-up faults where the faulted voltage is virtually zero, so that the correct direction is more difficult to determine. • Reverse faults in Porto Velho S/S may be seen as a forward fault when one side of the transmission system is weak. • Moreover, the apparent fault resistance depends on the fault location and is very pronounced in Abuna S/S (Semaphore effect). This has a similar effect as an additional strong infeed, and thereby increases enormously the measured fault resistance when the fault location approaches the opposite line-end near Porto Velho S/S.

  5. F1 F3 F2 I1 I2 E2  E1 ZL1 , ZL0 ZS2 ,ZS20  ZS1 , ZS10 Directional Characteristics of Distance Protection F3 Fault trajectory is crossing the tripping area F2 F1

  6. I1 I2 F2 E2  E1 ZL1 , ZL0 ZS2 ,ZS20  ZS1 , ZS10 X RRE/2 RR/2 0 -RR -R X/8 -RRE R F2 ZS F2 a = 3° 7° / 14° -X HEST 045 014V For Ph-Ph & 3Ph Loop Adapted Directional Characteristics for Acre-Rondonia Power System Fault trajectory is crossing the tripping area Enough room available for the fault trajectory excursion in the backward direction

  7. Conclusions • In geographically large countries, the power must often be transferred from remote power generation centres to the load centres. In the case presented, the transmission system angle can therefore exceed 60°. • For the majority of faults, distance protection operates correctly in the Acre-Rondonia system. • To achieve the best results under all system conditions, more than one polarisation quantity for the directional decision must be used:- directional decision built-in each of the 6 measured loops- directional decision based on more than one polarising quantity (adaptive measurement characteristics with automatic selection) - directional decision using cross-polarising healthy phases in conjunction with memory polarisation, selectivity conditions and filtering techniques.

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