Emergence of Industrial Society in the West

1. Emergence of Industrial Society in the West 1750-1914

2. Agenda Schedule Chapter 23 Quiz and Collect Reading Outline Notes Source Work/Exam Review Packet Homework- Chapter 24 Reading Outline and Tea Quiz (1/15 and 1/16)

3. Human Interactions and Environment Demography and Disease Migration Australia’s colonies began in 1788 when a ship dropped convicts off at penal settlement in Sydney. British sent colonists to New Zealand in the early 1800’s. • Western Europe experienced population growth by 50% after 1730 • Caused by efficient government • Reduced movement of diesease bearing animals • Better nutrition- ex. potato • By 1900, lower death rates among children younger than 10

4. Settlement of Australia and New Zealand

5. Human Interactions and Environment Patterns of Settlement • Europeans move into Africa and Asia competing for colonies starting in the 1860’s. Patterns of Settlement • The British • By 1840, Australia had 140,000 European inhabitants, who became prosperous sheep herders, providing wool for British industries • Took control of New Zealand by 1840.

6. Human Interactions and Environment Technology • Development of railroads and canals linked cities in Europe and contributed to urbanization and industrialization. • The steamship helped Europe to travel far distances faster and to places never reached before such as interior of Africa.

7. Cultural Development and Interactions Religions • British move missionaries into New Zealand. • During the French Revolution, the Catholic Church was banned in France. Beliefs/ideologies/ philosophies • Conservatives – mostly wealthy and clergy, supported monarchs • Socialism- working class rise up against wealthy. (Karl Marx) • Feminism sought for legal and economic gains for women. (equal pay and suffrage)

8. Cultural Development and Interactions Beliefs/ideologies/philosophies • Liberals wanted to limit state interference in individual life and urged representation of propertied people in government • Radicals took liberals’ ideas a step further and pushed for wider voting rights and social reforms for lower classes

9. Cultural Development and Interactions Science and Technology • Louis Pasteur discovery of germs will lead to better sanitary regulations among doctors. • Charles Darwin- Theory of Evolution • Albert Eistein- Theory of Relativity. Art and Architecture • Charles Dickens wrote about life in Victorian England. • George Seurat – painted using pointillism.

10. Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Grand Jattee- Seurat

11. State-building, expansion, and conflict • United States experimented with constitutional republic. • Great Britain extended voting rights to working class men in 1867. • In Prussia, Otto Von Bismark,: • Gave all men the right to vote • Extended rights to Jews • Allowed freedom of press

12. State-building, expansion, and conflict Political structure/govts • After Napoleon, the conservatives in Europe met at the Congress of Vienna: • Led by Von Metternich of Austria • Restored monarchs to power who Napoleon had displaced. • Tried to maintain a balance of power in Europe. • Feared Liberal revolutions. Political structure/govts • In Western Europe, by 1870 most countries: • Had a growing bureaucracy • Governments increased regulation of factories, hospitals, and prostitutes to name a few. • Provided public education which focused on nationalism. • Began social welfare programs.

13. State-building, expansion, and conflict Empires • Need for markets and raw materials, Western Europe sought colonies in Africa, S.E. Asia, China, and the Middle East. • Great Britain • Enlarged territory with settlements in Australia and New Zealand. • United States will gain Hawaii and the Philippines.

14. State-building, expansion, and conflict Revolts and Revolutions • The American Revolution • American Colonists were influenced by the Enlightenment. • Colonists revolted against the British for due to unfair taxes and trade regulations. • Revolution was successful and a republic was established.

15. State-building, expansion, and conflict Revolts and Revolutions • The French Revolution • Causes- • Debt to due assisting Americans in American Revolution and overspending of monarchy. • High tax burden on peasants and middle class. • Influence of Enlightenment and success of American Revolution. • In 1789, the middle class forms the National Assembly in order to write a new constitution. Government becomes constitutional monarchy.

16. State-building, expansion, and conflict Revolts and Revolutions • The French Revolution • In 1789, the middle class forms the National Assembly in order to write a new constitution. Government becomes constitutional monarchy. • National Assembly writes the Declaration of the Rights of Men which outlines freedoms similar to the Declaration of Independence.

17. State-building, expansion, and conflict Revolts and Revolutions • The French Revolution • In 1792, Robespierre seizes power in the National Assembly and ushers in a more Radical Phase called the Reign of Terror. • During the Reign of Terror, 1792-1795, ten of thousands of French were falsely accused of being against the Revolution and executed. • A new constitution was devised giving every man the right to vote.

18. State-building, expansion, and conflict Revolts and Revolutions • The French Revolution-John Green • Robespierre was eventually replaced by more moderate leadership that was marked by corruption. • Revolution ends with the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte and his quest to conquer Europe.

19. State-building, expansion, and conflict Revolts and Revolutions • In 1820, Greeks sparked nationalist revolt against Ottomans. • There were several liberal and national revolts in Western Europe in the 1830’s and 1840. • France was success going from a constitution monarchy to a republic. • Poland did not gain its independence from Russia. • In 1860’s ,Prussia under leadership of Otto Von Bismarck helped to unify the German speaking states of Europe through War

20. Economic creation, expansion, and interactions Agriculture • In Britain, the Enclosure Movement allowed for more efficient use of farmland and an a higher crop yield. • Crops from the New World helped to stabilize the food supply. (ex. Potato) • Dairy products were a new specialized crop. Trade and Commerce • Many peasants formed cooperatives to sell their goods and buy supplies.

21. Economic creation, expansion, and interactions Labor • Rise of middle class through need for jobs as secretaries, clerks, managers, and salespeople. • The working class worked long hours for little pay, so unions were formed to fight for fairer conditions. • Children and women were employed t to increase profits because they commanded less. • Horrible Histories

22. Social Development and Transformations Gender roles and Relations • In public education, girls were taught the importance of home and women role in society. • Rise of Feminism which started among middle-class women. • By 1918, Britain, Germany and the U.S. allowed women to vote. Family and Kinship • Families were having smaller families due to lower infant mortality rates. • In Western Europe, child were mandated to attend public school after labor reforms were passed.

23. Social Development and Transformations Social and Ethnic Constructions • The middle class began to rise in number and influence. Social and Economic Classes • Middle class gained greater influence through the political process. • Working class started to experience better quality of life .