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Kingdoms. Plants and Fungi. Diversity of Fungi. Examples: moulds, mildew, yeast, truffles, and crop rusts General Characteristics: Eukaryotic Usually multicellular Cell walls made of chitin Heterotrophic: Many look like plants but can’t make their own food. Use of Fungi.
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Kingdoms Plants and Fungi
Diversity of Fungi • Examples: moulds, mildew, yeast, truffles, and crop rusts • General Characteristics: • Eukaryotic • Usually multicellular • Cell walls made of chitin • Heterotrophic: Many look like plants but can’t make their own food
Use of Fungi • Important decomposers that help to cycle carbon and nitrogen • Return nutrients to soil for use by plants • Obtain nutrients by feeding on dead organisms • Other fungi are parasites and obtain nutrients from living organisms causing damage to the host
Structure and Reproduction of Fungi • Fungus are made of long threads called hyphae • Two main parts of fungus: • Fruiting body (above ground) – reproductive structure • Mycelium (below ground) – interwoven mat of hyphae
Plants • General characteristics: • Eukaryotic • Single and multi-celled • Cell walls made of cellulose • Use chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis
Evolution of Plants • Mosses “bryophytes” • grow close to the ground in damp environments; non-vascular, do not use seeds for reproduction • Ferns • vascular tissue but do not use seeds to reproduce • Contain lignin that helps plant stand upright • Mosses and ferns both require water for fertilization; sperm cells must swim to reach egg
Evolution of Plants • Seed Plants • Gymnosperms or “evergreens” make naked seeds or cones • Flowering Plants • Angiosperms are flowering plants, seeds are protected and grow within the ovary of the plant
Evolution of Plants • Evolution of angiosperms and gymnosperms was dependent on adaptations to prevent loss of water and reproduce on land • Both have waxy coating on leaves to prevent evaporation • Both produce pollen that can travel through the air
Angiosperm Adaptations for Seed Dispersal • Flowers ensure successful fertilization and protect seeds