Fundamentals of Good Writing (Structure, Grammar, Spelling, Punctuation)

1. waggies Australian Gifts Fundamentals of Good Writing(Structure, Grammar, Spelling, Punctuation) Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

2. Introduction/Body/Conclusion • Say why you are writing • Say (briefly) what you are going to say • Say what is in it for the reader (the hook) • List the main points • Consider the order • For each paragraph, write a topic (first) sentence • Say why you have written • Summarise the main points • Make it clear what you want the readertodo Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

3. The Writing StructureMain Divisions Letters/Memos/Faxes Long Documents Report Sections Book Chapters Sentences Paragraphs Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

4. Paragraphs • Problems can occur when: • There is no main idea • Meaningless or confusing • sentence relationships • Out of sequence Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

5. Identify the Topic Sentence - (main idea) Jenny graduated from TAFE in 2007 with both Certificate III and Certificate IV in Business Administration. She achieved very high grades which was due to many hours of study. Her favorite subjects were the computing modules. The following year Jenny obtained her first job as an Administrative Assistant at Qantas. She commenced in the Human Resources department but eventually worked her way up to a senior position in Corporate Services. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

6. Sentences Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

7. Subject & Predicate • What the sentence is about • Simple subject contains anoun or pronoun(eg. he, she, dog, house) • What the subject is or does • Simple predicate containsa verb (eg. sit, was dancing) The medical expertreferred to his notes before replying. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

8. Construct a simple sentence with both a subject and predicate Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

9. Conjunctions(are used to connect sentences and make text flow) Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

10. Rewrite this passage using conjunctions and connectives Television was invented by John Logie Baird. When he was young he built an aeroplane. He tried to fly in it. It crashed. Baird was fortunate not to be killed. It did not discourage him. When he was older he tried to make diamonds from coal. There was an enormous explosion. He was not injured. He became a business man. His business failed. He thought of working at television. His family advised him not to. He did not listen to them. He rented an attic. He bought the materials he needed. He started working. He worked for a long time He was not successful. One day he saw a picture on his screen. He rushed out to get someone he could ‘televise’. He found an office boy. He took him back to his room. No image of the boy appeared on his screen. The boy, terrified, had put his head down. He put it up again. His picture appeared on the screen. Television had been discovered. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

11. Does this match your work? Television was invented by John Logie Baird. When he was young, he built an aeroplane and tried to fly in it. It crashed. Baird was fortunate not to be killed, but It did not discourage him. When he was older he tried to make diamonds from coal. There was an enormous explosion but again he was not injured. He then became a business man but his business failed. Next, he thought of working at television; although his family advised him not to, he did not listen to them. He rented an attic and bought the materials he needed. He started working and worked for a long time without success. One day he saw a picture on his screen. He rushed out to get someone he could ‘televise’. He found an office boy and took him back to his room. However, no image of the boy appeared on his screen; the reason was that the terrified boy had put his head down. When he put it up again, his picture appeared on the screen. Television had been discovered. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

12. Write a sentence with 1 conjunction Write a sentence with 2 conjunctions Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

13. Assist flow/sequencing with common signposts The girl was enrolled into a day Certificate III in Business Administration course. In addition she was doing a Banking course at night. John was going to study Medicine at Sydney University. However, because of the length of the course, he decided instead to do accounting. Nancy and her friends think they might go to Bali for their school reunion. Alternatively, they might go to Hawaii. Also Fiji could be an option. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

14. Grammatical parts Noun Place, person, thing (you can see & touch them) Verb Doing words (go, run, stop, chase) Pronoun I, me, you, her, him Adjective Descriptive of the noun Adverb Descriptive of the verb Participle Past, present (she went, he is going) Preposition Gives direction of where something is – (up, down, over, near, on) Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

15. Common noun Identify the parts of this sentence Preposition Verb Proper noun John, the new courier, is going to deliver it urgently on Monday. Participle Adverb Proper noun Adjective Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

16. Participle Common noun Preposition Verb Write a sentence with 8 word parts Proper noun Adjective Adverb Adjective Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

17. Spelling is importantWhat is wrong with this statement? Too bee oar knot two bee. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

18. Be aware of Homophones This is the current/currant book version We will not be effected/affected by the strike. The school principal/principle is a nice man. The hotel is licenced/licensed to sell alcohol. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

19. More Homophones There/their/they’re are plenty of places for them to go on there/their/they’re next holiday but there/their/they’re probably going to go to there/their/they’re holiday house. • It will be two/too/to expensivefor the company two/too/to update to a completely new system. That will be at least two/too/to years away. • If you want my advice/advise, you should go. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

20. Plurals If there is more than one – mostly you add anS or IES One computer Two computers One keyboard Five keyboards One lady Two ladies One try Three tries Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

21. Plurals – Sometimes there are also irregular plurals One child Two children One criterion Two criteria One tooth Two teeth One person Three people One nucleus Two nuclei One fish Two fish Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

22. Punctuation Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

23. Punctuation Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

24. Punctuation Diane drove with caution, although there wasn’t a lot of traffic. Tom ordered furniture, computers, air conditioning, stationery, carpet and a new telephone system for his new office. The Judge turned to the Prosecutor, Mr Roberts, and said, ‘I am mindful of the complexities of this matter, particularly those relating to the criminal record of the accused, but please try to stick to the facts of this case’. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

25. Punctuation Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

26. Punctuation Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

27. Punctuation Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

28. Punctuation Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

29. Punctuation Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

30. Use ‘Plain English’ • Be clear • Use straightforward expression • Use only as many words as are necessary • Never use a long word when a short word will do • Use Active voice rather than Passive Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

31. Could you rewrite this passage using Plain English? Direction for work to cease When a health and safety representative is confronted with a situation where, in the opinion of the health and safety representative, there appears to be an immediate threat to the health and safety of a person, then if the nature of the threat and the degree of risk are such that the threat is immediate, then the appropriate Head(s) of Budgetary Unit(s) and the health and safety representative of the designated work group in relation to which the issue has arisen, may after consultation, jointly direct or, if the consultation does not lead to agreement between them, either of them may direct that the work shall cease. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

32. Direction for work to cease When a health and safety representative believes there is an immediate threat to the health and safety of a person, they should consult with the appropriate Budgetary Unit heads, after which time they can jointly or individually direct that work shall cease. Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

33. More personal More lively More explicit Easier to understand ACTIVE VOICE We have extended the period of payment. PASSIVE VOICE The period of payment has been extended. Active vs Passive Voice Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only

34. Active vs Passive Voice ?Who discussed and debated the draft bill? In the PASSIVE example: Is it clear who discussed? Is it clear who debated? Was it the same group? Swaggies Pty Ltd is a simulated company used for training purposes only