The diffusion of small molecules into cell.

1. The diffusion of small molecules into cell. Diploid; the normal number of chromosomes for the species. In humans the 2n number is 46. The result of atmospheric moisture in the air mixing with emissions containing oxides of sulfur and nitrogen The basic building block of proteins. They contain an amine group and a carboxyl group. Absorption 2n acid rain amino acid

2. A procedure that removes amniotic fluid containing fetal cells for analysis to determine the presence of genetic defects. A substance that kills bacteria. An organism that can use the energy from the sun or chemical reactions to make organic nutrients from inorganic materials. A group of monerans, mostly heterotrophs, that can have either a round, rod or spiral shape. Some are disease-producing; many are decomposers. Amniocentesis Antibiotic Autotroph Bacteria

3. A reagent used to test for simple sugars. If the test is positive, the solution turns brick red or green. The use of biological methods of pest control such as species specific sex lures or natural parasites. An organic nutrient made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and a primary fuel in cellular respiration A chemical that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not used up. Benedict's solution biological control carbohydrate catalyst

4. The semi-permeable outer boundary of the cell. It is made of lipids and protein. The rigid porous structure that surrounds the cells of plants and some microorganisms. A structure found in the nucleus that is made of DNA and protein. It contains the hereditary information. The transport of materials within a cell or between parts of a multicellular organism. cell membrane cell wall chromosome circulation

5. The first mitotic divisions of the zygote. There is an increase in the number of cells but a decrease in size of the individual cells. The production of genetically identically organisms. A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in the messenger RNA sequence that are specific for one amino acid. The struggle that results when more than one species has the same requirements for survival. cleavage cloning codon competition

6. A heterotroph; an organism that cannot make its own food and must ingest (eat) organic nutrients. The equal exchange of genetic material by homologous chromosomes during the synapsis of meiosis. An inherited disease in which a defective gene causes the body to produce an abnormally thick mucus that clogs the lungs and leads to life-threatening lung infections. The fluid found between the nucleus and the cell membrane. consumer crossing-over Cystic fibrosis (CF) cytoplasm

7. The scientist who developed the evolutionary theory of natural selection. The removal or destruction of a forest by cutting down or burning the trees without replacing them. A change in the structure of a protein molecule due to high temperatures or other factors. The change in shape causes the protein to lose the ability to function. Deoxygenated State of blood when it is returning to the heart via veins, except the pulmonary veins. Darwin deforestation denaturation Deoxygenated

8. The enzyme controlled process that changes large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules. A molecule made of two monosaccharides. The shape of the DNA molecule, the spiral shape formed by the parallel strands. The study of the interactions of living things and their environment. digestion disaccharide double helix ecology

9. The specialized ductless glands which secrete hormones that are responsible for regulating bodily activities. A hormone secreted by the ovaries which aids in the control of the menstrual cycle and promotes the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics. The destruction of all members of a particular species. The oviducts of placental mammals. The tubes that carry the egg from the ovary to the uterus. endocrine system estrogen extinction fallopian tubes / Oviduct

10. An organic molecule that contains the carboxyl (-COOH) group attached to a carbon chain. It is one of the building blocks of lipids. A mechanism that responds to change by causing a response. A series of organisms, starting with a producer, through which food energy is passed in an ecosystem. A kingdom which contains multicellular plantlike organisms that lack chlorophyl and so are not photosynthetic. fatty acid feedback food chain Fungi

11. Monoploid sex cells produced in gonads by meiotic cell division. Sperm and egg. The process by which one side of the blastula pushes in to form a two-layered gastrula. The process which transfers genes to another organisms DNA resulting in recombinant DNA. A condition that occurs when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbs heat radiated from the earth's surface. gametes gastrulation genetic engineering global warming

12. A monosaccharide that is the primary source of cellular energy in most organisms. It is one of the basic building blocks of polysaccharide carbohydrates. An increase the size or the number of cells in an organism. The portion of the environment in which an organism exists. The sum total of genetically inherited characteristics which are passed from parents to offspring. glucose growth habitat heredity

13. An organism that cannot make its own food and therefore must ingest (eat) organic nutrients. The maintenance of a stable internal environment. Heterozygous. The pair of genes for a trait are not alike, for example Tt. An enzyme-controlled reaction in which large insoluble molecules are broken down into small soluble molecules when water is added; digestion. heterotroph homeostasis hybrid hydrolysis

14. A substance that changes color to show that a particular chemical is present or that a reaction has occurred. The fertilization of the egg inside the body of the female. A specialized section of the alimentary canal where digestion and absorption takes place. An element that is needed for the proper functioning of the thyroid. indicator internal fertilization intestine iodine

15. A section of the digestive tube where water is reabsorbed from the undigestable material. A type of cancer which produced large numbers of non-functional white blood cells. A nonliving, physical factor that limits the type of organisms that can exist in a particular ecosystem. The intercellular fluid (ICF) found in the lymphatic vessels. large intestine leukemia limiting factor lymph

16. The hormone-controlled cycle during which the egg matures and is released, and the uterine lining prepares to receive it. The germ layer located between the endoderm and the ectoderm. The wastes produced as a result of metabolism, including carbon dioxide, water, nitrogenous wastes and salts. Any organism that is so small that it can only be seen by using a microscope. menstrual cycle mesoderm metabolic wastes microorganism

17. Cell division which results in two cells each containing the diploid (2n) number of chromosomes. A kingdom which contains simple organisms that lack an organized nucleus (prokaryotic), such as blue green algae and bacteria. Composed of many cells. A change in the genetic material. mitosis, mitotic cell division Monera multicellular mutation

18. Darwin's evolutionary theory that states that there are variations in organisms that will make some organisms better fitted for survival than others. Those organisms survive, reproduce and pass those variations on to their offspring. The functional unit of the human kidney. These microscopic structures filter wastes from the blood. A system which allows an organism to respond to stimuli; the neuron is the basic unit. A chemical released into the synapse by the terminal branches of neurons. It stimulates impulses in the next neuron. natural selection nephron nervous system neurotramsmitter

19. The best range that an organism can function in. A structure found in the cell that performs a specific function. Diffusion. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy. The process by which the a cell flows around matter and engulf it in a vacuole. optimum organelle passive transport phagocytosis

20. The first organisms to live in an area. The "Master Gland" located in the brain. It secretes numerous hormones that affect other endocrine glands. The cell membrane. The semi-permeable outer boundary of the cell. The small daughter cells produced as the egg is formed by meiotic cell divisions. pioneer organisms / species pituitary gland plasma membrane polar bodies

21. A large protein composed of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds. An organic compound made of amino acids. A theory of evolution which suggests that species have long periods of stability interrupted by brief periods of significant change during which new species are formed. A molecule that is very specific in its action because of its shape. Its shape allows it to recognize a specific stimulus and initiate a response to it. polypeptide protein punctuated equilibrium receptor molecule

22. A nucleic acid composed of a phosphate, ribose and one of four nitrogenous bases; adenine, uracil, cytosine or guanine. Hairlike extensions of epidermal root cells which increase the surface area for absorption. A mixture of sperm and fluids that is ejaculated through the urethra in males. The gametes, sperm and egg RNA (ribonucleic acid) root hairs semen sex cells

23. Monosaccharides such as glucose, galactose and fructose. A long coiled tube that is the site of most of the chemical digestion and absorption that takes place in the digestive tract. The male monoploid (n) gamete, sex cell. The gap between communicating neurons. Neurotransmitters cross this gap and trigger the next impulse in the neuron. simple sugars small intestine sperm synapse

24. A hypothesis that has been tested many times to verify its accuracy. Loss of water vapor through the stomates of the leaf. Open sores in the interior walls of the digestive tract. A nitrogenous base found in RNA. theory transpiration ulcers uracil

25. The system involved in the production and excretion of urine. It includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. A trait found in an individual that is different from the typical trait found in members of that species. A disease-causing organism consisting of a protein coat surrounding DNA or RNA. The fertilized egg. First cell after fertilization to be diploid (2n) urinary system variation virus zygote

26. A process that uses energy to transport materials from an area of low concentration to high concentration. That is against the concentration gradient. The respiratory surface of the human lung. Gas exchange takes place between its thin moist membranes and the capillaries of the bloodstream. A protein produced by lymphocytes, which reacts with a specific foreign substance, or antigen, and deactivates it. A secretion of the liver that emulsifies fats. It is stored in the gall bladder. active transport alveoli antibody bile

27. Differences and variety in the organisms and their roles in an ecosystem. A disease characterized by the rapid mitotic division of abnormal or non-functional cells. The maximum number of organisms that an ecosystem can support without deteriorating. The enzyme controlled process in which energy is released from food and converted into a form that the cell can use. biodiversity cancer carrying capacity cellular respiration

28. A technique which is used to separate and analyze chemicals. The system used to distribute materials in an organism. TRANSPORT The mature, stable, community that is the final stage of ecological succession. The process by which two small molecules are joined to form a larger molecule as water is removed. chromotography circulatory system climax community dehydration synthesis

29. Branches of a nerve cell that carry impulses from receptors to the nerve cell body. The processes that causes the cells of an organism to develop into speccialized tissues and organs. The cells get their different jobs. A genetic disorder caused by non-disjunction of chromosome 21 in gamete formation, resulting in an individual having three 21st chromosomes. An organism in the early stages of development. dendrite differentiation Down's Syndrome embryo

30. The innermost layer of cells in a simple animal. The innermost primary germ layer in an embryo. A proteins that speeds up the rate of biochemical reactions. An organic catalyst. The system of organs used to get rid of metabolic wastes. Outside the cell. endoderm enzyme excretory system extracellular

31. The fusion of two monoploid gametes (sperm and egg) to produce a diploid zygote. A proteins that speeds up the rate of biochemical reactions. An organic catalyst. The system of organs used to get rid of metabolic wastes. A model of the cell membrane which suggests that the membrane is primarily composed of proteins and lipids. fertilization enzyme excretory system fluid mosaic model

32. Meiotic cell division in a gonad which produces monoploid gametes. A method used to separate DNA fragments on the basis of their size. A cytoplasmic organelle composed of flattened membranes. It synthesizes, packages and secretes cellular products. A secretion that is released directly into the bloodstream by an endocrine gland. gametogenesis gel electrophoresis Golgi body hormone

33. The principle excretory organ of the urinary system. The activities that a living thing must carry out to remain alive. A stain that indicates the presence of starch by turning from rust color to blue-black. A small, saclike organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes. The center of cellular digestion. kidney life functions Lugol's iodine lysosome

34. Cell division in gonads which separates the pairs of homologous chromosomes and results in 4 gametes each having the monoploid (n) number of chromosomes. The periodic shedding of the uterine lining. An RNA molecule with a specific code for a polypeptide. This code is determined by the sequence of bases of the DNA molecule in the nucleus. An endocrine control mechanism that responds to increased levels of one hormone by decreasing the level of another. meiosis, meiotic cell division menstruation messenger RNA negative feedback system

35. nucleotide The basic unit of nucleic acids. It consists of a 5-carbon sugar bonded to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base. The taking in and processing of food to make it usable. A group of tissues that carry out the same function. Another form of oxygen having the formula O3. nucleotide nutrition organ ozone

36. An organ which produces both digestive enzymes and hormones. It is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. The bond forms between two amino acids as a result of dehydration synthesis. A scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. The process by which green plants (autotrophs) convert light energy to chemical bond energy stored in organic nutrients. pancreas peptide bond pH photosynthesis

37. The making of a protein from amino acids by matching the anticodon of the transfer RNA to the codon of the messenger RNA. A form of reproduction in which two gametes fuse to form a new individual. A carbohydrate composed of many glucose molecules; a polysaccharide. A thick-walled, muscular, expandable sac in the digestive system where food is temporarily stored and protein digestion begins. protein synthesis sexual reproduction starch stomach

38. The replacement of one type of community by another until the stable climax community, which remains until it is destroyed by some catastrophe. A chemical process in which small molecules are joined make large molecules. Cells that are unspecialized. They can develop into specialized tissues or organs. A serum that is injected into the bloodstream or taken orally, providing immunity from a specific disease. It contains weakened or dead disease causing-organisms. This stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies that will result in developing immunity to the specific disease. succession synthesis undifferentiated tissue vaccine

39. Respiration that uses molecular oxygen. It produces 36 ATP as one glucose molecule is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. One from whom an organism is descended. For example, parents, grandparents and great-grandparents. A foreign substance that causes the immune system to respond by producing antibodies. The hollow-ball stage in the development of the embryo. aerobic respiration ancestor antigen blastula

40. Asexual reproduction by mitotic cell division which results in two identical organisms of unequal size. CO2 An inorganic clear colorless gas released a 2 s an end product of respiration. The theory that states: Cells are the structural units in living things. Cells are the functional units in living things. New cells arise from preexisting cells. The brain and the spinal cord. budding carbon dioxide cell theory central nervous system

41. Short hair-like organelles on the surface of some cells. They are capable of movement and are used by some protists for locomotion. All the plant and animal populations in a given area. Organisms of decay which convert organic compounds into inorganic compounds. The experimental variable that changes as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable. For example, the change in height due to differences in sunlight. The dependent variable is always plotted on the y-axis. cilia, cillium community decomposers dependent variable

42. A disorder caused by insufficient production of insulin resulting in high blood sugar levels. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy. . The specialized organs that act on nutrients as they are digested and absorbed by an organism. The nucleic acid that stores the hereditary information, that is, the genetic material. diabetes diffusion digestive system DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

43. The outermost layer of cells in a simple animal. The outermost primary germ layer in an embryo. Ductless glands which produce hormones that are secreted directly into the bloodstream. The specialized organs that act on nutrients as they are digested and absorbed by an organism. A system of membrane enclosed, fluid filled canals that form a network within the cytoplasm of the cell. Sometimes ribosomes are attached to it. ectoderm endocrine glands digestive system endoplasmic reticulum

44. Fertilization that takes place outside of the mothers body. An egg that has fused with a sperm cell to form a 2n zygote. A series of interconnecting food chains in an ecosystem. Specialized cells that are found on the lower epidermis of leaves. They contain chloroplasts and control the openingof the stomates. external fertilization fertilized egg food webs guard cells

45. All the bodily structures involved in producing antibodies. The experimental variable that a scientist manipulates in order to cause a change in the dependent variable. For A hormone produced by the Islands of Langerhans in the pancreas. It lowers blood sugar levels. A large multi-purpose organ that produces bile, removes toxins from the blood, deaminates excess amino acids and produces urea. immune system independent variable insulin liver

46. An organ found in vertebrate animals that is used for breathing and exchanging gases between the blood and the atmosphere. Letter to represent Monoploid; having only one chromosome from each of the homologous pairs. An organisms particular role in the community. An organic compound composed of a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base. DNA or RNA. lung n niche nucleic acid

47. In the cell, a large membrane enclosed organelle that contains the chromosomes. A group of organs that work together to carry out the major functions of organisms. Ex. the digestive system. A tube in which carries the egg away from the ovary. A sense organ. A specialized structure of the nervous system that is sensitive to a certain kind of stimulus. nucleus organ system oviduct receptor

48. The organelle that is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. A recessive genetic disease in which the hemoglobin is abnormal and the red blood cells have an abnormal shape. It is found most frequently in individuals of African descent A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific life function. A group of cells that carry out the same function. ribosome sickle cell anemia system tissue

49. The movement of materials from place to place. The tube which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The organ which temporarily stores urine from the kidneys. Finger-like projections in the lining of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption. transport ureter urinary bladder villi