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Unit 17 Point Source Control. Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act of 1972). Major water pollutants. Pathogens Organics Toxic organics Nutrients Heavy metals Sediments. Traditional water law. Riparian rights Appropriative rights. CWA Point Source Control Program.
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Unit 17 Point Source Control Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act of 1972)
Major water pollutants • Pathogens • Organics • Toxic organics • Nutrients • Heavy metals • Sediments
Traditional water law • Riparian rights • Appropriative rights
CWA Point Source Control Program • What is a point source? • Easily identifiable • Concentrated • What is a nonpoint source? • Hard to identify • Diffuse
CWA Point Source Control Program • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) • NPDES permit • http://www.epa.gov/owm/
CWA Point Source Control Program • Wasteload allocation • Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) • http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/tmdl/index.html
CWA Point Source Control Program • Nondischarge permits • Municipal facilities • Industrial facilities • Aquatic toxicity reduction • Pretreatment • Operator certification & training • Compliance & enforcement
Water Quality Standards • Supported uses
Water Supply Watershed Protection • Protects surface water sources of drinking water • Requires land use controls
Surface Water Monitoring Program • Benthic macroinvertibrates • Fish community structure assessment • Fish tissue • Lake assessment • Phytoplankton & algal bloom • Algal growth potential tests • Chemical/physical characteristics • Sediment oxygen demand • Ambient monitoring system
State programs • Most programs delegated • http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wqs/ • High quality waters • Outstanding resource waters