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Africa Cultures and History Key Terms. Religious group. People who share a common belief system. Ethnic group. An ethnic group is a group of humans whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage that is real or assumed. This common heritage may be based upon a :
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Religious group People who share a common belief system.
Ethnic group • An ethnic group is a group of humans whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage that is real or assumed. This common heritage may be based upon a : • common ancestry (lineage) • history, • kinship, • religion, • language, • shared territory, • Nationality, • physical appearance.
theocracy • Theocracy– form of government in which the leader claims rule on behalf of God
Traditional religion • Traditional religion – focus on the power of their ancestors in their everyday lives and spirits found in natural objects and surroundings.
Christianity • Christianity - the religion derived from Jesus Christ, based on the Bible as sacred scripture, and professed by Eastern, Roman Catholic, and Protestant bodies .
Islam • Islam - the religious faith of Muslims including belief in Allah as the sole deity and in Muhammad as his prophet
Arab • Arab - a member of an Arabic-speaking people
Ashanti Ashanti - a member of a people of southern Ghana who speak Ashanti
Bantu • Bantu The Bantu are migrant people who share a common language, culture and technology. Migrating from modern-day Nigeria to the west and south, spreading their farming and iron working skills, along with their language to many parts of the African continent.
Swahili • Swahili - • A Bantu language spoken by various ethnic groups that inhabit several large stretches of the Mozambique Channel coastline from northern Kenya to northern Mozambique, including the Comoros Islands. It is also spoken by ethnic minority groups in Somalia.
Nationalism • Nationalism A people’s desire to rule themselves and have their own independent country. A strong feeling of loyalty towards one’s own country
Discrimination • Discrimination Unfair and unequal treatment of members of a group.
refugee • Refugees People who flee to another country to escape mistreatment, persecution, or disaster.
Apartheid Apartheid was a system of racial segregation enforced through legislation by the National Party governments, who were the ruling party from 1948 to 1994, of South Africa.
malnutrition Malnutrition – the condition that results from people not getting enough nutrients because of a lack of healthy food.
Sanitation • Sanitation - the process of keeping places free from dirt, infection, and disease by removing waste products
Life expectancy • Life expectancy-the number of years an average person is expected to live in a given area.
social status • Person’s position in the community
Rite of passage • A special ceremony that marks a particular stage in life, such as when young boys or girls reach adulthood.
Pan-African • Pan-Africanism is the movement that encouraged the solidarity (unity) of Africans worldwide. It’s purpose was to end colonization and allow African self-rule. The goal is to work for African independence, peace, and prosperity.
Salt trade The Sahara desert was the primary source for salt mines. Salt was essential to preserve food. A vast trade network developed between the salt mines of the Sahara and the Sub-Saharan Africa. To get salt, people in southern Africa traded gold, slaves, and ivory.
Salt trade The Sahara desert was the primary source for salt mines. Salt was essential to preserve food. A vast trade network developed between the salt mines of the Sahara and the Sub-Saharan Africa. To get salt, people in southern Africa traded gold, slaves, and ivory.
Salt trade The Sahara desert was the primary source for salt mines. Salt was essential to preserve food. A vast trade network developed between the salt mines of the Sahara and the Sub-Saharan Africa. To get salt, people in southern Africa traded gold, slaves, and ivory.
Slave trade • For thousands of years slaves worked as servants, soldiers, and farm workers. However, slave trade greatly increased when European traders began to sell slaves. Twelve million African were forced into slavery and sent to European colonies between 1520 and 1860. Most were young men between the ages of 18-30.
Segregation Segregation is the separation or isolation of a race, class, or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary means.
Nelson Mandela • Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is a South African anti-apartheid activist, revolutionary and politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the first to be elected in a fully representative, multiracial election. His administration focused on dismantling apartheid's legacy, and cutting racism, poverty and inequality.
F. W. de Klerk • Frederik Willem de Klerk , was the seventh and last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994. De Klerk is best known for engineering the end of apartheid, South Africa's racial segregation policy, and supporting the transformation of South Africa into a multi-racial democracy by entering into the negotiations that resulted in all citizens, including the country's black majority, having equal voting and other rights.
F. W. de Klerk • Frederik Willem de Klerk , was the seventh and last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994. (He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 along with Nelson Mandela for his role in the ending of apartheid.)
