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Knowledge of Language Competence

Knowledge of Language Competence. Sound system (Phonetics & Phonology) Word structure and formation (Morphology) Phrase structure and sentence formation (Syntax) Meaning (Semantics) => Mental Grammar. Knowledge of the Sound System. Wug Test wug hiff zeed crav stope thak slet frob.

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Knowledge of Language Competence

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  1. Knowledge of LanguageCompetence • Sound system (Phonetics & Phonology) • Word structure and formation (Morphology) • Phrase structure and sentence formation (Syntax) • Meaning (Semantics) • => Mental Grammar

  2. Knowledge of the Sound System Wug Test wug hiff zeed crav stope thak slet frob

  3. Plural Forms? • wugs “s”=[z] • zeeds “s”=[z] • slets “s”=[s] • hiffs “s”=[s] • cravs “s”=[z] • frobs “s”=[z] • stopes “s”=[s] • thaks “s”=[s]

  4. Rules • Plural form is [z] after [g, d, b, v] • Plural form is [s] after [k, t, p, f] • Plural = [z] after voiced sounds • Plural = [s] after unvoiced sounds • Knowledge of language includes phonological rules.

  5. Knowledge of Word Formation • employ employ-er employ-ee • interview interview-er interview-ee • read read-ableun-read-able • do do-ableun-do-able

  6. Creative Formation of New Words • shush shush-er shush-ee • un-shush-able

  7. Knowledge of Structure • Jane will go to the beach tomorrow. • => Will Jane go to the beach tomorrow? • What is the rule?

  8. More Complicated Examples • Dick and Jane will go to the beach tomorrow. • => Will Dick and Jane go to the beach tomorrow? • The girl who is absent today will go to the beach tomorrow. • => Will the girl who is absent today go to the beach tomorrow?

  9. Knowledge of Meaning • The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary. • house (English) • bahay (Tagalog) • ie (Japanese) • sapah (Seediq) • jia (Mandarin) • Knowledge of language includes a mental lexicon.

  10. Prescriptive Grammar • Artificially imposed standard or norm • Ex: Do not split an infinitive. • Yes: ‘To go boldly where ….’ • No: ‘To boldly go where ….’

  11. Descriptive Grammar • Characterization of the rules of natural language • ‘To go boldly where ….’ • => Adverb modifies only the VP. • ‘To boldly go where ….’ • => Adverb modifies the subject.

  12. Prescriptive grammar: • => Not the goal of linguistic study • Descriptive grammar: • => Linguists’ object of study

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