EGO (European) Everyone’s Gliding Observatories Action ES0904 Start date: 15/07/2010

1. EGO (European) Everyone’s Gliding Observatories Action ES0904 Start date: 15/07/2010 End date: 14/07/2014 Year: 3 Pierre Testor Chair LOCEAN-CNRS / France

2. Gliders: platforms in oceanography Measure: - currents (averaged over the dives) - physical/biogeochemical properties Steerable, can be deployed by numbers. Land Station Data Center Scientific community, operational models 1km ~2-5 km between surfacing U ~ 20-40 km/day Endurance: ~2-6 months 2

3. … in the context of worldwide efforts • worldwide efforts for the global ocean observation (physical and biogeochemical): satellites and in-situ • Data + numerical modeling : analyses and forecast of the ocean (FP7 MyOcean) → science AND societal needs (climate, … marine resources, security) • in-situ system today : mostly profiles T & S on [0-2000m], automatic measurements, transmitted in real-time, «300km x 300km – 10 days», breakthrough thanks to the Argo project Courtesy of H. Freeland, http://www.argo.net 3

4. Oceanic Processes Globalscale Regionalscale Scale interactions seasonal mesoscale submesoscale Scientific context and objectives (1/2) • Background / Problem statement: [What is the scientific context and what challenges are the Action addressing?] The ocean interior is still under sampled. The glider technology can help fill the gaps left by the other observing systems (ships, satellites, moorings, floats, drifters). Testor et al, 2010. • Brief reminder of MoU objectives: [What are the Action’s objectives?] The main objective is the European coordination of ongoing research using gliders, and the conception of future research. The aim is to operate fleets of autonomous underwater gliders at the international level, providing cost-effective methods for the discovery and monitoring of the oceanat global, regional and coastal scales, for the benefit of both marine research and operational applications for marine activities - climate - «green» objectives - security - end-users (GEO,GMES, MSFD…) 4

5. mesoscale (10-100 km) submesoscale (1-10 km) Satellite image sea color - surface Chl Scientific context and objectives (1/2) • Background / Problem statement: [What is the scientific context and what challenges are the Action addressing?] The ocean interior is still under sampled. The glider technology can help fill the gaps left by the other observing systems (ships, satellites, moorings, floats, drifters). Testor et al, 2010. • Brief reminder of MoU objectives: [What are the Action’s objectives?] The main objective is the European coordination of ongoing research using gliders, and the conception of future research. The aim is to operate fleets of autonomous underwater gliders at the international level, providing cost-effective methods for the discovery and monitoring of the oceanat global, regional and coastal scales, for the benefit of both marine research and operational applications for marine activities 300km Vertical structure? 5

6. 6 18 17 16 2 10 2 Scientific context and objectives (2/2) • Research directions: • [How are the objectives of the MoU being achieved? Recall briefly the approach and methodology as stated in the MoU.] • build an appreciable capacity at thescientific,technological, andorganizationallevels through a tight network of laboratories/institutions • strengthen theinterdisciplinary research environment, bring together marine sciences researchers and engineers in marine operations, sensors, as well as those interested in robotics. • [Highlight the Action’s innovative work—what is its unique contribution that is not duplicated elsewhere?] New technology, attempt to avoid early fragmentation of the activity. Development of the concept of a glider research infrastructure having a global range (distributed network of ‘gliderports’, common tools/procedures, formats) ans developing synergies with the other observing systems 6

7. Working groups • Support for glider deployments and data disseminationdata flow and management - international infrastructure (steering team, technical coordinators, etc) to develop the community consensus. Legal framework. • Glider vehicle, sensors, and “gliderports” infrastructurespossible technical developments on platforms and sensors (physical, bio-optical, acoustics, video). Best performances (calibration, consumption,…). Main gliderports design/networking (infrastructure for preparation, maintenance and evolution, logistics, computing facilities). Development of a network of worldwide local supports or “secondary” gliderports. Training support activity. • Piloting gliders and artificial intelligence“24/7” control of the gliders. Develop easy and ergonomic access to piloting facilities, auto-pilot systems, flight control systems, automated fault diagnosis and environment information systems. Interactions between distributed services. Interoperability of the different glider types. • Networks, links with the other observing systems and OSSEs“how gliders can be optimally combined with other observing systems” can be answered by using Observing System Simulation Experiments and “network design” methodologies which can assess the feasibility and optimality of possible configurations. • High resolution 4D oceanic measurements and process studies4D oceanic estimates with fleets and repeat-sections for large scale or regional budgets. Investigation of mesoscale and submesoscale processes, using for instance adaptive sampling techniques (WG3). and numerical simulations (WG4). Detailed post processing of scientific data. 7

8. Grant Holder: OC-UCY (Oceanography Center - University of Cyprus) Gregory Konnaris Cyprus Action Parties

9. Action participants

10. Use of COST Instruments

11. Use of COST Instruments • MC/CG/WG meetings: • 1 MC meeting + WG1 meeting, Trieste, Italy, 03-06/06/2013 (GROOM general assembly) • 3 WG meetings: • WG1/2: Joint EGO/GROOM/JERICO Glider Workshop, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 22-23/05/2012 • WG1: Glider data management, Paris, France, 12/10/2012 • WG1: Glider data management, Brest, France, 14/12/2012 • WG2: Gliders and infrastructures, Nicosia, Cyprus, 17/01/2013 • WG4: analysis of glider experiments off Peru, Paris, 08/03/2013 • EU coordination + develop synergies between the WGs • STSMs: •  Address specific S/T topics + share know-how and expertise • Joint publications •  Dissemination, outreach 11

12. Results vs. Objectives • [progress towards reaching the Action scientific objectives during the past year.] Definition of the needs of a “gliderport” (reduce costs/risks); Glider data management. Deominstration of glider capabilities to observe submesocale features. Mainly WG1 and WG2. Better understanding of the oceans and building glider capacities: 17 (47) publications + 67(216) communications: • (sub)mesoscale processes in the ocean, • seasonal cycle; • optimal sampling; • robotic characterization; • towards the definition of common formats; • [added value of networking, i.e. what could not have been achieved without the Action’s research network.] Our Action has strengthened the glider community in Europe. Information circulates. Duplication of efforts is avoided. Dissemination is coordinated. Spin-off of EU and national projects. 12

13. Significant Highlights in Science or Networking (1/2): Glider data management • Definition of a DAC/GDAC architecture in Europe • In phase with what is built in USA and Australia • Unique format • RT processing modules

14. Significant Highlights in Science or Networking (2/2): EGU session • [Please see previous instruction slide.] OS4.5: Recent advances in ocean physics and biogeochemistry from autonomous underwater vehicles organized by the Chair of the Action, the STSM manager and the WG3 leader In his impressive “science fiction” article published in Oceanography in 1989, Henry Stommel anticipated a revolution in ocean observing capabilities, brought by the development of new mobile platforms and sensing systems. Looking back at Stommel’s article, we can now marvel at how much of what followed he had predicted. During the last years, one could witness growing activities with floats, gliders, and other AUVs throughout the world. Modern autonomous underwater vehicles allow to characterize the water column from both physical and biological points of view, across a continuum of space and time scales. Being able to periodically send the collected data via satellite telemetry to land stations, they provide observations which can be analysed in near-real time. These new autonomous platforms have significantly changed the way how experiments and observations, in both the coastal and open oceans, are carried out today. This session provides an open forum for interdisciplinary discussions of the latest advances in oceanographic applications of autonomous underwater vehicles. We welcome contributions on all aspects of the scientific analysis of data collected with such platforms on the coastal, regional, basin, or global scales. Topics for this session include physical and biogeochemical variability of the ocean, ocean processes on different spatial and temporal scales (from ocean turbulence to basin-wide circulation), and interactions between the ocean, atmosphere and land. We also invite contributions on data management and integration, Observing Systems Simulation Experiments, and development of new instrumentation and sensors. - 35 ‘glider’ communications • outreach to the other scientific communities in the fields of marine sciences • very good feedbacks • but Austria is not part of our Action (!)

15. Challenges • [Were there any significant deviations from the work plan in the past year (e.g. new research directions)?] No • [What are critical phases to be implemented or topics to be addressed for the upcoming year?] • Organize the Final Symposium in May-June 2014 • Involvement of Canada, Egypt, USA,… Netherlands, Denmark, … • Further collaborate with COST Action ES1001 “SMOS” • Interact with operational agencies, like ESA ! Discuss with all stakeholders (SMEs!) 15