Food and Food Processing Robin Walker Melissa Vargas David Quan Arin Morad April Perez

1. Food and Food Processing Robin Walker Melissa Vargas David Quan Arin Morad April Perez Blue Team

2. Food • Food-”What is Fed upon, that which goes to support life by being received within, and assimilated by the organism of an animal or a plant…eaten for nourishment” (brainydictionary.com) April

3. Food Processing • Definition- “the methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for consumption by humans” (freedictionary.com) April

4. Examples • Removal of toxins • Milling • Fermentation • Controlled storage • Packaging • Blanching • Cooking • Freezing April

5. Detoxification • Process of making food safe to eat • Many of our earlier foods required that the toxins or poisons be removed before eating • Women’s involvement lead to inventions like the stone pestle, graters, sieves, strainers, and mallets Arin

6. Detoxification continued • Main crops that women began to detoxify: Olives, Taro, and Sago Mary Engle Pennington- research led to standards and practices for milk safety -She headed the U.S department of Agriculture Arin

7. Milling • Women as Millers -!Kung and Egyptians used donkey jawbones for harvesting -Nutufians used querns (grain mills) to grind wild grains into meal Inventors -Sybylla Masters-Food Mill (1715) -Madeline Turner-Juice Extraction (1916) Robin

8. Fermentation • Yogurt-made in the Balkin Islands thousands of years ago • Egypt and Babylon-Beer made and sold by women • Asia-Women made brandy (burnt wine) -Not picked up in Europe until much later • Because women did so much with food it’s natural they were the inventors of alcohol • Today many tribes still have women as brew masters for both ceremonial and every day consumption Robin

9. Storage & Packaging • Storage -to stack or supply for future use • Package -manner in which something, such as a product is presented to the public David

10. Importance of storing Foods • Foods are kept fresh • Foods will last longer David

11. Types of Storage • Refrigerator Storage • Freezer Storage • 6 Shelf Restaurant Refrigerator/Freezer • In other words if you got one you must be rich top shelf-cooked or prepared food 2nd shelf-uncooked seafood 3rd shelf-uncooked non ground beef 4th shelf-uncooked pork 5th shelf-uncooked ground beef bottom shelf-uncooked chicken David

12. Functions of Packaging • Contain • Protect • Inform • Facilitate the use of product -Laura Scudder Potato chip bags Made of wax sealed by iron by factory workers David

13. Melissa Cooking

14. Cooking • Cooking is the act of preparing food for consumption using heat or fire. It encompasses a vast range of methods, tools, and combinations of ingredients to improve the flavor and/or digestibility of food Melissa

15. Cooking Makes food easier to digest and remove toxic elements. “cooking can be a great art.” Mmmmm!!! Melissa

16. Types pf Cooking • Barbecue • Baking • Roasting • Deep frying • Rotisserie • Microwave

17. Cooking InventionsThe stove Elizabeth hawk invented the stove in 1867 Ruth Wakefield invented Toll House Cookies Melissa

18. What is Blanching? • Blanching is a cooking term that describes a process of food preparation • Food substance is rapidly plunged into boiling water and then removed after a brief, timed interval then plunged into ice water or placed under cold running water • Blanching rapidly heats and then cools the food -This allows the food, usually fruits and vegetables, to come out and makes the food’s natural flavor more pronounced, and is often a preparative technique for freezing food Melissa

19. 4 Types of Blanching • Water Blanching • Steam Blanching • Microwave Blanching • Cooling Melissa

20. Freezing • Freezing-Preserves food for longer periods of time “extreme cold slows the growth of microorganisms and the chemical changes that affect quality or cause spoilage”

21. Before 1748 people cooled their food in ice and snow Inventors -Clarence Birdseye-observed people storing fish and meat in barrels of frozen seawater that quickly froze in the Arctic Conclusion: food could be frozen and thawed to be cooked months later April

22. Birdseye invention bought in 1929 by General Foods Corp. for $22 million 1930-first quick frozen vegetables, fruit, and seafood were sold to the public Mary Engle Pennington- helped to create laws regarding foods and drugs Designed household and industrial refrigerators April

23. Rose Totino- Invented Frozen Pizza Frozen pizza dough patented in 1981 sold to Pillsbury for $20 million April

24. Women Inventors

25. The End