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IONIC BONDING

IONIC BONDING. Sodium Atom. Atomic Number (Z) = 11 Atomic Mass (M) = 23 Protons = 11 Electrons = 11 Neutrons = 12. 23. Na. 11. 11 P 12 N. Fluorine Atom. Atomic Number (Z) = 9 Atomic Mass (M) = 19 Protons = 9 Electrons = 9 Neutrons = 19. 19. F. 9. 9 P 10 N.

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IONIC BONDING

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  1. IONIC BONDING

  2. Sodium Atom Atomic Number (Z) = 11 Atomic Mass (M) = 23 Protons = 11 Electrons = 11 Neutrons = 12 23 Na 11 11 P 12 N

  3. Fluorine Atom Atomic Number (Z) = 9 Atomic Mass (M) = 19 Protons = 9 Electrons = 9 Neutrons = 19 19 F 9 9 P 10 N

  4. Forming the Ionic Bond Na F

  5. Na1+ F1- Summary – Sodium Fluoride Na (sodium) F (fluorine) loses one electron (P > E) gains one electron (P < E) Attraction of opposite charges Na1+ (sodium ion) F1- (fluorine ion) NaF

  6. Ca2+ F1- CaF 2 Let’s Try Another… Ca (calcium) Br (bromine) loses two electron (P > E) gains one electron (P < E) Attraction of opposite charges Ca2+ (sodium ion) F1- (fluorine ion)

  7. Al3+ S2- Al S 2 3 One more example… Al (aluminum) S (sulphur) loses three electrons (P > E) gains two electrons (P < E) Attraction of opposite charges Al3+ (sodium ion) S2- (fluorine ion)

  8. Ionic Compounds • An ionic compound generally consists of a metal and a non-metal • The metal loses electron(s) and becomes a cation (positively charged ion). • The non-metal gains electron(s) and becomes an anion (negatively charged ion). • Through the forces of attraction between two opposite charges, an ionic compound is formed. • There are two types: binary (two atoms) and polyatomic (one atom and one polyatomic ion) • Polyatomic ion – is an ion with more than one atom

  9. +1 +2 +3 -3 -2 -1 0

  10. COVALENT OR MOLECULAR BONDING

  11. Imagine Two Hydrogen Atom… 1 P 0 N 1 P 0 N

  12. And then they find each other… H H And share their electrons…They’re relationship is so diatomic!

  13. Molecular Compounds • Molecular compounds are composed only of non-metals • We use binding capacities to understand how compounds are made • Some molecular compounds are composed of the same element. These are called diatomic compounds • There are seven diatomic compounds: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2 and I2

  14. Binding Capacities- The number of bonds each atom can make 4 3 2 1 0

  15. Cl C has a binding capacity of 4 which means it can make 4 bonds Cl C Cl Cl Cl has a binding capacity of 1 which means it can make 1 bond In Grade 9, you learned the Ball-and-Hook Method

  16. Comparing Ionic and Covalent

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