WORLD ORGANIZATIONS

1. WORLD ORGANIZATIONS THE UNITED NATIONS IGOs & NGOs

2. THE UNITED NATIONS Founded in 1945 to: -Provide a forum for disputes among nations -Promote universal human rights -Support economic development -Work towards world peace

3. Declaration of Human Rights "All human beings are born with equal and inalienable rights" Promotes human dignity worldwide Eleanor Roosevelt championed the Declaration Adopted by UN in 1948

4. Millennium Development Goals of the UN End Poverty/Hunger Universal Education Gender Equality Child Health/Maternal health Combat HIV/Aids Environmental Sustainability Global Partnerships

5. Organizational Structure General Assembly - Main body Security Council - Elite subgroup Secretariat - International leadership Economic & Social Council - functional agencies International Court of Justice

6. General Assembly Main “parliamentary” body One country, one vote Grown from 51 to 192 members 2/3 are developing countries Oversees budget and subsidiaries Elects non-permanent members to Security Council Makes recommendations or resolutions

8. Security Council 5 permanent members - US, UK, France, China and Russia 10 Non-Permanent – Azerbaijan, Colombia, Germany, Guatemala, India, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, Togo. (2yr terms) (no veto power) Secret ballot voting (2/3) by Gen Assem. – each geographic region represented 9 votes required on substantive matters, including all 5 permanent members Great power – unanimity or veto power

9. Security Council Functions Military Ops Economic sanctions Weapons inspections Election monitors Peacekeeping Ops

11. The Secretariat International in character Should not be dominated by one country or region Carries out the day-to-day work of the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon World leader -personally steps in to resolve international disputes or draw attention to an issue.

12. Secretary General Ban Ki Moon (ROK) Nominated by Gen. Assembly Approved by Security Council 5 Year terms -Was recently re-elected for 2nd term

13. Behind the Scenes - A Day in the Life of Ban Ki-Moon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUR0gzFg2ss

14. Click for Video Motorcades and Dictator Disneyland, NYT

15. U.N. Headquarters in New York City

16. European U.N. Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland

17. U.N. role in Palestinian Statehood? http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-september-22-2011/west-bank-story

18. International Court of Justice Established by UN charter Sits in The Hague, Netherlands Legal disputes between states Provides legal opinions 5 SC nations have veto power

19. International Criminal Court Created in 2002 Prosecutions of individuals accused of genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity. Operates independently of UN The US does not submit to the ICC Maximum sentence – life imprisonment

20. IGOs Inter-Government Organizations are Funded by Member Nations May be established for a specific purpose May be UN Agencies Unicef UN High Commission for Refugees17

21. Goal of UN IGOs Raise Awareness of Problems Increase Local Capability Train Local Personnel Rarely Carry Out Programs on the Ground

22. International Institutions Large and Powerful Organizations Make Policy Set the Rules Promote and Facilitate Globalization World Bank IMF World Trade Organization

23. The World Bank Provides low interest loans to developing countries for education, agriculture and business projects. Goal is to promote “inclusive, sustainable growth.”

24. International Monetary Fund Monitors currency markets Provides loans to developing countries to stabilize markets Goal is to “facilitate international trade, while promoting economic development.”

25. World Trade Organization Establishes global rules of trade between nations Framework for trade policy: Non-discrimination (all members treated equally) Binding enforceable commitments Transparency Not part of UN system Predecessor was GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

26. Protests Target WTO Labor Unions Environmental Groups Human Rights Advocates Animal Rights Groups

27. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949 Inter - Governmental Military Alliance Reflects Cold War divisions Response to threat from Soviet Union (Warsaw Pact countries) Mutual defense if attacked by outside power •     Afghanistan Intervention - Military Training - Disaster Relief •     Kosovo •     Libya

28. The European Union 1993 Union of 27 European States • Single market  - 26% of global GDP • Open borders • Common environmental policy • Cooperation on security matters • Reciprocity between court systems • European Parliament & Court of Justice The Euro • Common currency 1999 • 17 of 27 members and other non-members (not UK) • Central Bank

29. NGOs are many and varied – civil society organizations that operate outside of gov’t. • Some well known NGOs are • The Red Cross • Habitat For Humanity • Amnesty International • Doctors Without Borders • CARE • Oxfam • Green Peace • Grameen Bank Non-Governmental Organizations

30. What is the Advantage of NGOs? More Flexible More Focused More Streamlined Work Directly With the People “on the ground” Can Be More Critical of Human Rights Abuses

31. Relationship With The UN Must adhere to the humanitarian principles and practices of the UN Must have transparent accounting practices

32. The Work of NGOs Social Justice Humanitarian Aid Economic Development Environmental Preservation

33. Social Justice Amnesty International Unlawful imprisonment Torture Caritas (Catholic Charities) Victims of violence, rape, kidnapping Eviction or displacement of the poor Save the Children Support for families Education The Girl Effect – to end poverty among women http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIvmE4_KMNw

34. Humanitarian Aid Red Cross/Red Crescent Doctors Without Borders - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73zMcdGfXGE

35. Economic Development Microfinance - A new approach to economic development Small loans to needy individuals in developing areas Goal is to promote entrepreneurship How is this sustainable development?

36. Economic Development • KIVA • Microfinance Projects • Creates a positive image • No starving babies • Poor people who work hard to support themselves • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXk4GUGXNTQ

37. KIVA Entrepreneur

38. Economic Development • Grameen Bank • Founded by Muhammad Yunus (won Nobel Peace Prize) • Grameen – “rural” in Bengali • Microcredit – small loans to poor people (esp. for women) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veaVikY3u98

39. Environmental Preservation • Greenpeace • Works to change attitudes and behaviors regarding the environment • Climate and energy (oil, nuclear) • Promotes safe fishing & anti-whaling • Sustainable agriculture (against toxic fertilizers & use of Genetically Modified Organisms) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVu9eawb1QY

40. Funding for NGOs Foundations Grants Donations Fundraisers Dues or memberships Special interests (AARP) Bequests Tax advantages

41. Problems With Funding NGOs are not immune to fundraising and other financial scandals A scandal in one organization taints the entire field Fundraising for NGOs is a field in itself

42. Bill Clinton on NGOs http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-september-17-2009/exclusive---bill-clinton-extended-interview-pt--1

43. Bill Clinton on North Korea http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/thu-september-17-2009/exclusive---bill-clinton-extended-interview-pt--2

44. Tim in Vietnam with NGO field staff.