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Acids, Bases, and Solutions

Acids, Bases, and Solutions. Chapter 7. What is a Solution?. Solutions. Same properties throughout Contains a sol v ent and a sol u te. Sol v ent. Does the Dissol v ing W ater = Li q uid. Sol u te. The st u ff that is dissolved S u gar. Kool-Aid. Solvent = Water

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Acids, Bases, and Solutions

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  1. Acids, Bases, and Solutions Chapter 7

  2. What is a Solution?

  3. Solutions Same properties throughout Contains a solvent and a solute

  4. Solvent • Does the Dissolving • Water = Liquid

  5. Solute • The stuff that is dissolved • Sugar

  6. Kool-Aid • Solvent = Water Solute = Sugar

  7. Water is referred to as the “universal Solvent” • Why?

  8. Water dissolves almost anything

  9. Concentration • How much solute (dissolved stuff)

  10. Dilute • Weak • Not a lot of solute (dissolved stuff)

  11. Concentrated • Strong • A lot of solute (dissolved stuff)

  12. Measuring Concentration Amount of Solute Amount of Solvent X 100

  13. Example • A solution contains 12 g of solute dissolved in 36 g of solution. What is its concentration?

  14. Answer: 10% 12 g 36 g = .33 x 100 .33 = 33%

  15. Example • What is the concentration of a solutions that contains 45 grams of sugar in 500 grams of solution?

  16. Answer: 9% 45 g 500 g = .09 x 100 .09 = 9%

  17. Example • How much sugar is dissolved in 500 grams of a solution if the solution is 70 percent sugar by mass?

  18. Answer: 350g X 500 g 70%= .7 (500) = x X = 350g

  19. Solubility • A measure of how much solute (dissolved stuff) can dissolve

  20. Unsaturated Solution • Weak, Dilute • Very little solute is added • Add more sugar it will dissolve

  21. Saturated Solution • Perfect Amount • No more solute will dissolve • If you add more it will settle to the bottom

  22. Supersaturated • Add so much solute that it begins to pile up on the bottom of the container

  23. Acids and Bases

  24. Indicators • Compounds that change color when it contacts an acid or a base

  25. Properties of Acids • Sour taste • Reacts with metals (corrosive) • Turns litmus paper red

  26. Properties of Bases • Bitter Taste • Slippery Feel • Turns Litmus paper Blue

  27. Acids • Produce Hydrogen Ions (H+) in water

  28. Bases • Produce Hydroxide ions (OH-) ions in water

  29. Strengths of Acids and Bases The pH scale

  30. The pH scale • Range of numbers from 1-14

  31. Ph < 7 • ACIDIC • H+ ions present • The lower the number the stronger the acid (more H+ ions)

  32. pH = 7 • Neutral • Not acidic or basic • H+=OH- ions

  33. pH > 7 • BASIC • OH- ions present • The higher the number the more basic

  34. Neutralization • A reaction between an acid and a base • Salt and water produced

  35. Neutralization

  36. Check for Understanding

  37. pH 1, pH 3 or pH 7 ? • Which contains the highest concentration of Hydrogen ions? pH of 1

  38. pH of 6 or pH of 3 • Which is stronger? • Which contains moreH+ ions? pH of 3

  39. pH 10 or pH 14 • Which is a stronger base? • Which has more OH- ions? pH of 14

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