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Solutions, Acids, & Bases

Solutions, Acids, & Bases. Solutions, Acids, & Bases. Solutions type of homogeneous mixture (no visibly different particles) solute is dissolved in a solvent (Not always solid dissolved in a liquid). Solutions, Acids, & Bases. Solutions

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Solutions, Acids, & Bases

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  1. Solutions,Acids,&Bases

  2. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • type of homogeneous mixture (no visibly different particles) • solute is dissolved in a solvent (Not always solid dissolved in a liquid)

  3. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • solubility – how much solute is able to be dissolved in a given solvent • factors • temperature • pressure • surface area • stirring

  4. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • solubility • degrees • unsaturated – more solute may theoretically be dissolved • saturated – maximum theoretical amount of solute is dissolved • supersaturated – more solute dissolved than predicted at given temp.

  5. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • concentration – measure of amount of solute dissolved per quantity of solvent • dilute solution – low amount of solute • concentrated solution – high amount of solute

  6. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • Concentration • molarity (M) – moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution • also called molar concentration

  7. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Molarity sample problems • A solution has a volume of 2.0 L and contains 36.0 g glucose. If the molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol, find the molarity.

  8. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Molarity sample problems • A saline solution contains 0.90 g NaCl per 100 mL of solution. What is the molarity?

  9. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Molarity sample problems • How many moles of solute are present in 1.5 L of 0.24 M Na2SO4?

  10. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Molarity sample problems • How many moles of ammonium nitrate are in 335 mL of 0.425 M NH4NO3?

  11. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • concentration • diluting – lowering amount of solute in solution by adding more solvent (usually water) • M1× V1 = M2 × V2

  12. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Diluting sample problems • How many milliliters of a stock solution of 4.00 M KI would you need to prepare 250.0 mL of 0. 760 M KI?

  13. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Diluting sample problems • How many milliliters of a stock solution of 2.00 M MgSO4 would you need to prepare 100.0 mL of 0.400 M MgSO4?

  14. Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • concentration • percent solutions • by volume (volume of solute/solution volume) * 100% • by mass (mass of solute [in grams]/solution volume [in mL]) * 100%

  15. Solutions, Acids, & Bases % sol’n sample problems • What is the % by volume of C2H6O in the final solution when 85 mL C2H6O is diluted to a volume of 250 mL with water?

  16. Solutions, Acids, & Bases % sol’n sample problems • A bottle of H2O2 is labeled 3.0% (v/v). How many mL H2O2 are in a 400.0 mL bottle of this solution?

  17. Solutions, Acids, & Bases % sol’n sample problems • How many grams of C6H12O6 would you need to prepare 2.0 L of 2.8% glucose (m/v) solution?

  18. Solutions, Acids, & Bases % sol’n sample problems • Calculate the grams of solute required to make 250 mL of 0.10% MgSO4 (m/v).

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