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The Brain Structures and Functions

The Brain Structures and Functions. Objectives. To learn features and functions of CNS To understand the brain structure and function and how it relates to animal behavior. Brain Lobes. Corpus callosum. Deep bridge of nerve fibers Connects L and R brain

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The Brain Structures and Functions

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  1. The BrainStructures and Functions

  2. Objectives • To learn features and functions of CNS • To understand the brain structure and function and how it relates to animal behavior.

  3. Brain Lobes

  4. Corpus callosum • Deep bridge of nerve fibers • Connects L and R brain • Intercommunication b/t hemispheres is not completely understood

  5. Cerebrum • Largest part of brain • Contains many folds and bumbs • Sulci vs. gyri • Corpus callosum is found b/t the L and R • Responsible for reasoning, intellectual fxn and critical thinking

  6. Cerebral Cortex • Thin layer (2-5mm); largest and most anterior structure of brain • Contains 75% of neuron cell bodies in NS • Memory, attn, thought processes, language

  7. What is the benefit of all the bumps and grooves??

  8. Regulates balance body position Posture Muscle coordination cerebellum

  9. Medulla oblongata • Vital Reflex center • Visceral activities: • blood pressure, respiratory • cardiac • Part of the brain stem • Injuries often fatal

  10. Pons • b/t midbrain and medulla oblongata • Regulates rate and depth of breathing • Homeostatic mechanisms

  11. Neuron:Basic unit of the Nervous system

  12. Animal Behavior • Behavior: • an action or series of actions performed by an organism in response to a stimulus • Response: • The organism response to the stimulus –(action or agent that causes or changes activity of organism) • Noise frightens • Bacteria causes an immune response

  13. How does the body respond? • Sensory systems gather information about the environment • The info will trigger responses to the nervous system which a produces a response

  14. Cuckoo Behavior • European cuckoos exhibit brood parasitism • Female lays eggs in a nest of another bird • Once the eggs hatch, it reacts to any other object in the nest by pushing it out…thus it receives all the parental care from the surrogate parents • Soon, it becomes larger than the parent that is trying to fee it.

  15. Influences on Behavior(Internal vs. External) • Genes (Nature) • May increase the likelihood that an organism will display a behavior • Tongue rolling, nocturnal activity, aggressiveness • Environment (Nurture) • Helps to determine what traits are displayed

  16. Evolution of Behavior Natural selection Lions Male lions will kill all lion cubs after taking over a tribe. Why? • Traits are favored that increase an individual’s reproductive success. • Over time, those beneficial traits become more and more common in the population

  17. Innate Learned behavior

  18. Animal Behaviors Social Behavior (Interactions with others thru) Competition And Aggression Communication (Depends on senses) Behavioral Cycles (responds to natural cycles) Claim or protect territory Courtship Building homes Hunting Protection Fighting rivals Visual signals Chemical signals Sound language Seasonal Ex: Migration Daily Ex: Circadian rhythms

  19. Classes of Behavior: Survivor • Foraging Behavior

  20. Classes of Behavior: Communication • Sight

  21. Classes of Behavior: Reproductive strategies

  22. Label the Neuron belowmyelin, nucleus, dendrite, axon terminal, shwann cell, soma, Nodes of Ranvier 1 7 6 2 5 4 3

  23. Cerebellum, cerebrum, or brain stem • Medulla oblongata located here. • Regulates balance • Cerebral cortex is located here • Capacity for intellectual function resides here • Breathing rate is regulated here • Has folded layers with bumps and grooves • Regulates posture • Contains the corpus collosum • Pons located here • Leads to spinal cord

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