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ANCIENT GREECE

ANCIENT GREECE. MINOANS - GEOGRAPHY. Farmland, mountain ranges, tucked in between Ionian and Aegean Sea in the Mediterranean area Agriculture base, crops, sheep, goats, hunting, fishing interaction with other islands semi-tropical. GEOGRAPHY. MINOANS - TIMELINE. Island of Crete, 2000 BC

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ANCIENT GREECE

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  1. ANCIENT GREECE

  2. MINOANS - GEOGRAPHY • Farmland, mountain ranges, tucked in between Ionian and Aegean Sea in the Mediterranean area • Agriculture base, crops, sheep, goats, hunting, fishing • interaction with other islands • semi-tropical

  3. GEOGRAPHY

  4. MINOANS - TIMELINE • Island of Crete, 2000 BC • Early Minoan ca 3200 – 2000 BC • Middle Minoan ca 2000 – 1550 BC • Late Minoan ca 1550 – 1100 BC

  5. MINOANS - SOCIETY • Form of writing – Linear A (non-Greek speaking) • Palace-based social organization – no defensive walls • Knossos main city • King Minos most famous • Frescoes (moist plaster and water-based paints on large surfaces for murals) • Believed to be peace-loving as no art has scenes of blood or violence • Most art of nature, games, beauty

  6. MINOANS - TRADE • Advanced metal working (bronze) • Bronze is from copper (Cyprus) and tin (perhaps Afghanistan) • Volcanic obsidian from island of Melos (tools, knives) • Surplus agriculture created wealth

  7. MINOANS - ART • Highly skilled forms of art • Myth of Minotaur (sounds like a bonus question to me) • Curvaceous women, curly hair, women lighter-skinned than men • Frescoes colourful and huge • Nature in art – scroll (wave) and dolphin

  8. MINOAN ART

  9. MYCENAEANS – TIMELINE • Destroyed Minoan civilization 1450 BC • Developed Linear B (Greek-speaking) • Much archeological evidence found by Heinrich Schliemann • 1500 BC start to become more powerful; not sure why • 1200 BC citadels captured and destroyed • Agamemnon of Mycenae, leader of Greek army at Troy, is most famous

  10. MYCENAEAN ART/ARCHITECTURE • Gold masks • Silver, ivory, pottery • Huge stone buildings • Ornate tombs • (mask of Agamemnon)

  11. MYCENAEAN SOCIETY • Elaborate feudal bureaucracy • Kings to slaves • Constantly warring • Estimated that Greek population declined 75% between 1100 – 1050 BC

  12. GREECE GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE • Mountains and isolated valleys on multitude of islands • Pastures for animals (cheese, meats)

  13. GREEK TIMELINE • Classical Period (467 – 323 BC) • Hellenistic Period (323 – 31 BC) (conquered by Rome)

  14. GREECE ART • Early works kouros; reflects rich Egyptian influence (6th century BC)

  15. ART • Later Greek sculpture much more detailed, fluid, male nudes • Realism and idealism • amphoras

  16. ARCHITECTURE • Parthenon built under Athenian Pericles

  17. GREEK ARCHITECTURE • Greek architecture style of columns and large blocks copied by Romans and still very popular today

  18. GREEK ARCHITECTURE • Acropolis in Athens

  19. GREEK TRADE • Traded white marble, olives, pottery, wine, silver • Imported metals (copper), grain (Russia, Sicily, Egypt), glass, alabaster, perfumes, ivory (Phoenicia and Egypt) • Timber (north Aegean) • Barter, and later monied economy

  20. GREEK COLONIZATION

  21. GREEK WARFARE • Forced to migrate due to lack of land • Hoplite warfare • Constant warfare or threat of warfare with great Persian empire • 400BC created Delian League to defend Greek states (some unity)

  22. GREEK WARFARE • Athens vs. Sparta rivalry morphed into Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 BC) • Sparta wins and Athenian power reduced • Causes major recession and is end of Golden Age in Greece in 5th century • Alexander the Great conquered entire Near East (334 BC) to India

  23. GREEK ACHIEVEMENTS • Excellent sailors/shipbuilders • Olympic Games (776BC for Zeus); ended 393 AD (by Christian Roman emperor) • Democracy • Pythagoras (geometry, algebra, trigonometry) • Archimedes (inventor) Eureka!

  24. GREEK GOVERNMENT • 700 city-states • Kings/tyrants in early Greek period • Democracy (demos ‘the people’ and kratos ‘power’ or ‘the rule’) created with Cleisthenes 500 BC • Athenian citizenship = male, over 18, parents free-born Athenians • Ostracism (ostraka) with potsherds created to keep people from becoming too powerful

  25. GREEK RELIGION/BELIEFS • Oracle of Apollo at Delphi often consulted • gods/goddesses flawed just as humans • See handout for Greek/Roman gods/goddesses • Often religious festivals • gods of Mount Olympus interactive

  26. GREEK THINKERS • Herodotus (first historian) • Hippocrates (medicine) • Socrates, Plato, Aristotle (philosphers) • Homer Odyssey and Iliad – epic poems • Aesop’s Fables • Pericles “we judge the man who takes no part at all [in public affairs] a useless, not just a ‘quiet’ person.” • Sophocles playwright • Aristophanes

  27. GREEK SOCIETY

  28. GREEK SOCIETY • Homosexuality highest form of love (older/younger men) • Often depicted in literature, poetry, and visual arts • Sappho on island of Lesbos

  29. GREEK SOCIETY • Women not equal (in Sparta more rights than in other places) but had role in religion

  30. GREEK SOCIETY • Majority farmers or fishermen • Agora (marketplace) centre of life

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