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Refraction of an EM Wave

Refraction of an EM Wave. Index of refraction n = c/v. Other indices: Vacuum 1.000 Ice 1.3 Glycerine 1.473 Glass 1.5-1.75 Ethyl alcohol 1.36. n air =1.0003. n water =1.33.  refr <  i. Normal axis.  i. Direction of propagation bends toward the normal axis

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Refraction of an EM Wave

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  1. Refraction of an EM Wave Index of refraction n = c/v Other indices: Vacuum 1.000 Ice 1.3 Glycerine 1.473 Glass 1.5-1.75 Ethyl alcohol 1.36 nair=1.0003 nwater=1.33 refr < i Normal axis i • Direction of propagation bends toward the normal axis • going from 1 medium (lower n) to a denser medium (higher n) • Bending occurs because one part of the wave ‘lags’ the other. • Wavelength shortens going from media of lower n to higher n • by a factor of 1/n

  2. Going the other way, from large to small n Depending on angle, you can have refraction OR none at all Total Internal Reflection

  3. What makes a Rainbow ? • Blue is refracted more than red • (dispersion) at A • Total internal reflection occurs • at B • Blue is refracted more than red • at C A B C Observer sees red from higher raindrops and blue from lower raindrops.

  4. Rainbows from Soap Films & Oil Slicks

  5. Colors have different wavelengths • Their phases change because of the thickness of the • film, and the discrete 180 phase change • Reflected rays of same color interfere differently, leading • to rainbow patterns.

  6. How do waves add/subtract ? In phase Out of phase

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