REFRACTION OF LIGHT

1. REFRACTION OF LIGHT

2. REFRACTION • THE BENDING OF LIGHT DUE TO A CHANGE IN ITS SPEED

3. LIGHT TRAVELS AT A CONSTANT SPEED IN A STRAIGHT PATH THROUGH A MEDIUM • TRAVELS AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS WHEN IT CHANGES MEDIUMS • WHEN LIGHT PASSES AT AN ANGLE FROM ONE MEDIUM TO ANOTHER, IT BENDS • MORE DENSE THE MEDIUM = LIGHT SLOWS DOWN (AIR TO WATER) • LESS DENSE = LIGHT SPEEDS UP (GLASS TO AIR)

4. INDEX OF REFRACTION • THE COMPARISON OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT IN AIR WITH THE SPEED IN A CERTAIN MATERIAL • IT’S A MEASURE OF HOW MUCH A RAY OF LIGHT BENDS WHEN IT ENTERS THE MATERIAL • EVERY MEDIUM HAS A SPECIFIC ONE • THE LARGER THE INDEX OF REFRACTION, THE MORE LIGHT IS BENT

5. MIRAGES MIRAGES • A FLOATING IMAGE THAT APPEARS IN THE DISTANCE & IS DUE TO THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT IN THE ATMOSPHERE • HAPPENS DUE TO LARGE CHANGESIN TEMPERATUREIN THE AIR • LIGHT REFRACTS AND CAUSES A DISTORTED IMAGE

6. EM SPECTRUM • WHITE LIGHT = ALL VISIBLE COLORS • EACH COLOR CORRESPONDS TO A PARTICULAR WAVELENGTH • EACH WAVELENGTH IS REFRACTED BY A DIFFERENT AMOUNT • THE LONGER THE WAVELNGTH, THE LESS BENDING • RED HAS THE LONGEST WAVELENGTH SO IT’S REFRACTED THE LEAST…CAUSES RAINBOWS

7. PRISM A PIECE OF GLASS THAT FORMS THE SPECTRUM

8. PRISM • LIGHT BENDS AS IT ENTERS & LEAVES BECAUSE THE SPEED OF LIGHT CHANGES DUE TO A CHANGE IN MEDIUMS

9. LENS • ANY TRANSPARENT MATERIAL THAT REFRACTS LIGHT

10. CONVEX LENS - CONVERGES(BRINGS TOGETHER) THE LIGHT RAYS CONCAVE LENS - DIVERGES(SPREADS OUT) LIGHT RAYS & CREATES A VIRTUAL IMAGE

11. CONVEXLENSES ARE THICKER IN THE CENTER THAN AT THE EDGES CONVERGING LIGHT RAYS FOCAL POINT

13. CONCAVELENSES ARE THICKER AT THE ENDS

14. COLOR

15. TRANSPARENT • MATERIAL THROUGH WHICH LIGHT IS EASILYTRANSMITTED EX: GLASS, WATER, AIR

16. TRANSLUCENT • A SUBSTANCE THAT TRANSMITS LIGHT, BUT NODETAIL EX: WAX PAPER, FROSTED GLASS

17. OPAQUE • A SUBSTANCE THAT DOES NOTTRANSMITLIGHT EX: BLOCK OF WOOD, SHEET OF METAL, BLACK CLOTH

18. IN WHITE LIGHT, REDREFLECTSRED& ABSORBS ALL OTHERS WHAT ABOUT IN GREEN OR BLUE LIGHT?

19. WITH WHITE LIGHT ON A BLACK OBJECT ALL COLORS ARE ABSORBED, & NOLIGHT IS REFLECTED

20. PRIMARY COLORS OF LIGHTVS. PRIMARY COLORS OF PIGMENTS

21. PAINTS ARE PIGMENTS THEY’RE OPAQUE, NOTSOURCESOF LIGHT

22. SUBTRACTING COLORS • WHEN THE 3 PRIMARY PIGMENTS ARE MIXED EQUALLY, ALLCOLORS ARE ABSORED = BLACK • BY MIXING MORE & MORE PIGMENTS, MORE OF THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM IS ABSORBED(SUBTRACTED) FROM WHAT WE SEE

23. POLARIZED LIGHT

24. POLARIZED LIGHT • LIGHT IN WHICH ALL THE WAVES ARE VIBRATING IN THE SAME DIRECTION • THE GLARE OF SUNLIGHT IS MOSTLY HORIZONTAL SO SOME SUNGLASSES ARE VERTICALLY POLARIZEDTO REDUCE GLARE

25. HOW WE SEE CONVEX LENS

26. NEARSIGHTED FARSIGHTED • EYEBALL TOO LONG • HARD TO SEE AT A DISTANCE • LENS IS TOO CONVEX SO RAYS CONVERGE IN FRONT OF RETINA • CORRECT BY USING CONCAVE LENS TO MAKE RAYS DIVERGE BEFORE ENTERING EYE • EYEBALL TOO SHORT • HARD TO SEE CLOSE UP • LENS IS NOT CONVEX ENOUGH SO RAYS CONVERGE BEHIND RETINA • CORRECT BY USING CONVEX LENS TO MAKE RAYS CONVERGE BEFORE ENTERING EYE

27. OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS MICROSCOPES TELESCOPES CAMERAS

28. LASERS • A DEVICE THAT PRODUCES AN INTENSEBEAM OF LIGHT OF ONE COLOR

29. LIGHT IS ONLY ONE WAVELENGTH • ALL THE WAVES TRAVEL IN STEP (ALL CRESTS NEXT TO EACH OTHER ETC.) • LIGHT INTENSITY IS NOT REDUCED BECAUSE LIGHT DOESN’T SPREAD • CALLED COHERENT LIGHT

30. USES OF LASERS MEASUREMENT INDUSTRY MEDICINE THEY HEAL WHILE THEY CUT

31. FIBER OPTICS LONG, THIN STRANDS OF GLASS OR PLASTIC THAT CARRY LIGHT FOR LONG DISTANCES WITHOUT FADING

32. FIBER OPTICS • TRANSMIT SIGNALS AS FLASHES OF LIGHT • CAN CARRY MORE INFORMATION THAN RADIO WAVES BECAUSE OF HIGHER FREQUENCY • LASER LIGHT CAN TRAVEL THROUGH THE CURLED UP OPTICAL FIBER BECAUSE IT IS BENT SO MUCH THAT IT’S REFLECTED = THIS IS CALLED “TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION”

33. HOLOGRAPHY THE TECHNOLOGY THAT USES LASERS TO PRODUCE 3-DVIRTUAL IMAGES