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2. Overview • Objectives • Response time • Assessment • Intervention • Communication • Challenges

3. PHTC Objectives • Minimal response time • Systematic assessment • Interventions as per protocol • Proper documentation • Appropriate referral • Timely handing over

4. Response Time • The GOLDEN HOUR is our target • Ambulance’s response is affected by;- • Public education • Communication • Infrastructure • Capacity and • Road users/Police

5. Immediate Intervention • Danger, scene size up, triage, BSI • Primary survey • Airway & cervical immobilization • Breathing • Circulation • Disability- AVPU • Exposure- expose and observe

6. Secondary survey • Full set of vital signs • Give comfort measures (pain control) • Morphine • Diclofenac • History taking (on transit) • Inspection- head to toe exam

7. Trauma Equipment Cervical collars Head blocks + straps KED Sager splint Scoop stretcher Spinal board

8. ACLS Equipment AED Mechanical ventilator Portable O2 cylinder Cardiac Monitor Laryngoscope set

9. Communication • 24/7 Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) • VHF • HF • Mobile phones • Receiving Health Facilities • Diagnosis, no. of casualties and ETA

10. Trauma Data

11. Referral • Documentation • - Patient care report • Handing over • - Patient received by Dr./Nurse • Debriefing • -within 24hrs

12. Challenges • Public awareness on EMS- Emergency numbers • Poor infrastructure leading to delays in response • The ‘’Kenyan Good Samaritan’’ • Lack of extrication devices • Inadequately trained Pre-Hospital Care personnel • Lack of trauma center in Kenya

15. Q&A