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Chapter 1: study of life

Dive into the study of life with Ms. Mezzetti Lynn in the high school Science Department's Chapter 1. Learn about homeostasis, metabolism, natural selection, cells, DNA, ecology, and evolution. Explore the characteristics of life and the hierarchy of nature from atoms to biome.

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Chapter 1: study of life

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  1. Chapter 1: study of life Ms. Mezzetti Lynn English High School Science Department

  2. Chapter 1 Keywords • homeostasis • metabolism • multicellular organism • natural selection • organism • organ • photosynthesis • reproduction • unicellular organism • gene • heterotroph • autotrophs • biology • cells • DNA • development • differentiation • ecology • ecosystem • evolution • evolve

  3. Chapter 1 Objectives • List six unifying themes of biology. • Explain how organisms get the energy they need to survive. • Describe the main difference between the structure of a living thing and that of a nonliving thing. • List six characteristics of life • Describe the hierarchy in nature from atoms to biome

  4. Primordial Earth • Earth is currently theorized to be over 4 billion years old • The first living organisms were single-celled, unicellular organisms-bacteria • Unicellular organism later evolved over time to form the diverse life that now exists on Earth today-over 2.5 million different species and yet many more to be classified

  5. Biology is the study of life Biology studies • the microscopic structure of cells which are the basic unit of life • The interactions between millions of species-ecology • The history of life on earth-evolution

  6. THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIMStability and Homeostasis • All living organisms need to maintain a stable internal environment-this is known ashomeostasis • Internal conditions such as food, water and temperature must be controlled to survive. This is true for all living organisms-unicellular and multicellular

  7. THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIMCell Structure and Function • Cells are the basic unit life - all living organisms are made up of cells • All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, contain DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm-we will learn about all of these • Living organisms can be unicellular such as bacteria and protists or multicellular like plants, fungi and animals • All living organisms are classified as prokaryotes(bacteria) or eukaryotes(all other living organisms)

  8. Cell Structure and Function:unicellular or multicellular? What is this? Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

  9. THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIMReproduction and Inheritance Reproduction– the process by which organisms produce new organisms like themselves. • DNA– hereditary information. Deoxyribonucleic Acid. • In eukaryoticorganisms, DNA is enclosed within a structure of membrane. • In prokaryotic organisms, DNA exists as a loop- • Gene– short segment of DNA. Contains the instructions for development of a single trait. • The DNA in every cell in your body is exactly identical.

  10. THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM Evolution • Evolution – change over generations. • Natural Selection – organisms with more favorable traits will be more successful at reproduction. • Driven by competition for resources

  11. THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM Interdependence of Organisms • Ecology– the interactions of organisms between one another and their environment. • Ecosystem– is the environmental community

  12. THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM Matter, Energy, and Organization • Photosynthesis– the process by which plants capture energy from the sun and convert it to chemical food. • Autotrophs– organisms that make their own food. • Heterotrophs – organisms that get food from the outside environment.

  13. THEMES OF BIOLOGY– SCREIM Matter, Energy and Organization • All living organisms need energy to survive. • Living organisms use different processes to acquire energy- ATP • Plants use photosynthesis to produce their energy-autotrophs • Animals depend on other organisms for their energy-heterotrophs

  14. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE-GRROUCH! • To be considered a living organism you must possess these characteristics we will refer to as GRROUCH: • GROW-all living organisms grow and develop • RESPOND- living organisms need to respond to stimuli to survive • REPRODUCE-living organisms reproduce to produce offspring • ORGANIZED-living organisms are organized matter from atoms to cells to body systems • USEENERGY-living organisms need to metabolize energy (ATP) • CELLS-all living organisms are composed of one or more cells • HOMEOSTASIS-all living organisms must maintain a stable internal environment to survive

  15. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE: GRROUCH H

  16. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

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