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Brussels, 2 February 2006 Next generation spallation sources: short and long pulses F. Mezei

ES 06-04. Brussels, 2 February 2006 Next generation spallation sources: short and long pulses F. Mezei. Future neutron sources.  Energy balance / heat production is key for ultimate performance of high power sources

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Brussels, 2 February 2006 Next generation spallation sources: short and long pulses F. Mezei

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  1. ES 06-04 Brussels, 2 February 2006 Next generation spallation sources: short and long pulses F. Mezei

  2. Future neutron sources  Energy balance / heat production is key for ultimate performance of high power sources Pulsed spallation sources vs. fission reactors - 8 times less heat per neutron - order of magnitude better efficiency by pulses Fusion is only 2x better in heat production vs. spallation, but extreme particle energy is a problem to stay Pulsed spallation sources are the high flux neutron sources of choice for the foreseeable future with a potential of orders of magnitude gain compared to today.

  3. Future neutron sources  High power short pulses (by accelerator or storage rings): limited by shock wave damage / cavitation in target ~ 1s proton pulses poorly match the 10 – 300 s neutron moderator response time Linear accelerators can produce the same energy per pulse in ~ 100 s pulses at much less damage & costs Longer and more intense pulses (ms) are advantageous for cold and thermal neutron applications: > 1014 n/cm2/pulse compared to < 1013 for SNS Pulsed spallation sources can provide at equal costs and less technical complexity much higher time average and higher peak flux in long pulses than in short ones. Note: rotating wheel targets might make possible to extend the power limits of the short pulse approach well beyond the “proven” limit of ~ 1 MW. Higher costs and development needs!

  4. Scientific performance Pulse length requirements by scientific needs:  Irradiation work:  Single (Q,) experiments (D3, TAS?):   SANS, NSE: 2 – 4 ms Reflectometry: 0.5 – 2 ms  Single Xtal diffraction: 100 – 500 s Powder diffraction: 5 – 500 s Cold neutron spectroscopy: 50 – 2000 s Thermal neutron spectroscopy: 20 – 600 s  Hot neutron spectroscopy: 10 – 300 s  Electronvolt spectroscopy: 1 – 10 s Backscattering spectroscopy: 10 – 100 s, … Peak flux characterizes source performance for sufficiently long pulses to avoid intensity loss by excessive resolution Shaping of ms long pulses feasible for > 95 % of cases

  5. Progress in source performance Lines: peak fluxes Shaded area: scientific capabilities (except irradiation & single Q)

  6. ESS staged realization  Staged approach in major accelerator projects: key to the success of high energy physics community Criteria for a first stage: substantially lower costs, complexity and technical development needs Possible first stages for ESS by ~ equal costs: a) 5 MW long pulse target station b) ~1 MW short pulse target station

  7. ESFRI scenarios ESFRI Neutron WG Report. Expert group: A. Furrer, C. Vettier, R. Cywinski, F. Mulder, H. Zabel, W.I.F. David, H. Jobic, M. Latroche, J. Comenero, D. Richter, A. Arbe, F. Barocchi, R. McGreevy, F. Mezei, G. Fragneto, D. Myles, P. Timmins, R.Rinaldi, B. Winkler, S. Redfern, H. Rauch.

  8. Progress in source performance ESS LPTS advantages: Higher cold peak flux More often „sufficient“ pulse length Adjustable resolution Cleaner line shape

  9. ESFRI scenarios

  10. ESFRI scenarios Operating costs: long pulse operation shows good efficiency in power consumption

  11. ESS staged realization  Staged approach to major accelerator projects: key to the success of high energy physics community Criteria for a first stage: substantially lower costs, complexity and technical development needs Possible stages for ESS by ~ equal costs: a) 5 MW long pulse target station b) ~1 MW short pulse target station Scientific opportunities much higher for a) The 5 MW long pulse target station as first step is the only scientifically meaningful option for a staged realization of ESS.

  12. ESS staged realization UK Technical report (Carpenter et. al) endorses ESS assessment

  13. ESS staged realization UK Technical report (Carpenter et. al) endorses ESS assessment 1017 1015 Sufficient experience available by TOF instruments and developments on continuous sources (spectroscopy, reflectometry, diffraction,…)

  14. ESS study on pulse shaping Pulse shaping technique for diffraction and inverted geometry spectroscopy at long pulse sources Multiplexing chopper system (with phase slewing to source) Wavelength Frame Multiplication A fancy multidisc velocity selector (RISP)

  15. Next generation Current projects (SNS, J-PARC) Today (ILL, ISIS) Optimized LPTS up-grade: next generation

  16. Conclusion Optimized spallation sources: orders of magnitude enhanced research opportunities in condensed matter. Largest gains vs. current projects by long pulse approach. 5 MW SPTS ESS SAC workshop, 0ct 2002 for ESFRI report

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