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Dr. Turgut Tumer Professor, Middle East Technical University, Turkey

Dr. Turgut Tumer Professor, Middle East Technical University, Turkey. Former Associate Vice President, TUBITAK Turkey Vision 2023 Several Research & Industrial Projects MSc and PhD, UK. MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY.

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Dr. Turgut Tumer Professor, Middle East Technical University, Turkey

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  1. Dr. Turgut TumerProfessor,Middle East Technical University,Turkey

  2. Former Associate Vice President, TUBITAK • Turkey Vision 2023 • Several Research & Industrial Projects • MSc and PhD, UK

  3. MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY OF TURKEYpast, present and the future Turgut Tümer METU, Dept. of Mech. Eng. tumer@metu.edu.tr Innovation and Competitiveness Practitioners Workshop 19 April 2004 Istanbul The World Bank

  4. Presentation Plan • Milestones of the Turkish S&T policy • Present S&T system of Turkey and indicators • Where is Turkey now? • What is missing? • Planning for the future: Vision 2023 Project

  5. Milestones in S&T Policy of Turkey • 1963:Basic research; Establishment of TÜBİTAK • 1972:Strategic research;Marmara Research Center (TÜBİTAK-MAM) • 1973:Technology development in five-year plan • 1983:Comprehensive S&T policies: 1983-2003; Establishment of Supreme Council for S&T (SCST) • 1993:Revised S&T Policies:1993-2003; Priority areas, National Innovation System • 1995:Industrial S&T support programme

  6. S&T System of Turkey (1/8) Institutional framework • SCST / TÜBİTAK (main actor) • Universities / Public Research Institutes / Firms • State Planning Organisation • KOSGEB (SME Org.) • TTGV (Tech. Dev. Found.) • Turkish Patent Institute (TRIPS) • National Metrology Institute (TÜBİTAK) • Accreditation Board • Technology Development Regions –Technoparks

  7. S&T System of Turkey (2/8) SCST in 1989-2003 • 1989 Inaugural meeting • 1993 Priority Areas of S&T / Industrial R&DSupport Program • 1997-2003 Significant developments / action plans / implementations

  8. S&T System of Turkey (3/8) SCST 1993 Policy Approach Strategic choice to acquire capabilities in science and technology, • not only to achieve excellence in scientific and technological research, • but also to turn scientific and technological findings into economical and/or social benefits. Hence, the present S&T Policy of Turkey is based on the establishment of a National Innovation System

  9. S&T System of Turkey (4/8) Current Priority Areas of S&T • Information and communication • Flexible manufacturing and automation • Transportation (with particular interest in rail transport) • Aeronautics, space and defence • Genetic engineering and biotechnology (with particular emphasis on agricultural applications in relation with the “South-Western Anatolian Project-GAP) • Environment friendly technologies and renewable energy systems • Eartquake related problems and disaster management

  10. S&T System of Turkey (5/8) • TÜBİTAK • S&T policy formulation (Secretariat of SCST) • Academic R&D support (8 Grant Committees) • Industrial R&D support (TİDEB) • R&D manpower development • Popularisation of science (Books, magazines, journals) • International relations • In-house research (11 research institutes) • R&D support services (ULAKBİM, UME, labs.)

  11. S&T System of Turkey (6/8) • 71 Universities • 1.900.00 students • 1.100.000 undergraduates • 110.000 graduates (of which 25.000 Ph.D) • 240.000 open university • 400.000 vocational training • 76.000 academic staff • 10.000 Professors • 5.500 Associate Professors • 12.500 Assistant Professors • 150 public R&D institutions • mostly agriculture, forestry, veterinary • 11 research institutes of TUBITAK • 1000 firms involved in R&D activities (%75 SMEs)

  12. S&T System of Turkey (7/8) • 100 M USD/year (excluding personnel) • SPO : 40% (Adv.Res.Proj.) • Ministry of Finance : 40% (Sci. Res. Proj.) • TÜBİTAK : 6 % (8 Grant Comm.) • Other (KOSGEB, ...) : 14% Public Funds for Academic Research

  13. S&T System of Turkey (8/8) Industrial R&D Support • TÜBİTAK (Grant to the budget) $157 million has been granted since 1995 for 959 projects • TTGV (Soft loan) $130 million has been loaned since 1991 to 351 projects • KOSGEB (various)

  14. S&T Indicators Outcome in ten years • Scientific publications 41(90):1177 25(00):6074  22(02):9303 • GERD in % of GDP %0.32(90) %0.64(00) • R&D realised by business enterprise %20.4(90)  %33.4(00) • R&D financed by business enterprise %27.5(90)  %42.9(00) • R&D personnel intensity per 10,000 labour force 7.5(90)  13.1(00)

  15. Where are we now? Turkey on the Globe • Demography : 1.1 % • GDP (Wealth) : 0.6 % • S&T (Knowledge) : 0.9 % Turkey in the EU-13 Candidates • Demography : 37 % • GDP (Wealth) : 21 % • S&T (Knowledge) : 23 % One of the opportunities for Turkey is to create economic and social value added by utilizing knowledge through technology development...

  16. What is missing? • Long term, strategic perspective • Public awareness / Community support • Committment of the Governments • Drive for innovation in industry • An integrated, well structured Turkish Research Area • Missing elements and harmonious operation of the National Innovation System

  17. Arıkan, Akyos, Durgut, Göker, “NIS”, TÜSİAD Pub., 2003 Missing elements of the NIS • Independent assessment institutions • National R&D programmes in specific areas • Diversified R&D support instruments • Innovation Relay Centres • Regional innovation systems • National information infrastructure • Mobility of researchers • Speciliased technology service providers • Seed capital, start-up support • Venture Capital (investment, management) • Public procrument, Off-sets

  18. VISION 2023 PROJECT EUROPEAN UNION SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAM USING S&T AS A LEVERAGE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Planning for the future Two major steps in 2002towards planning for the future

  19. Vision 2023 Project Decision of the Supreme Council of Science and Technology (SCST) A new national S&T policy document for the period 2003-2023 is to be prepared to build a welfare society in 2023: 100’th Anniversary of the Foundation of the Turkish Republic

  20. TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY TECHNOLOGY FORESIGHT R&D MANPOWER R&D INFRASTRUCTURE • 2003-2023 STRATEGY DOCUMENT • S&T Vision • Strategic Technologies and R&D Priorities • Policy Recommendations Vision 2023 Project Period: Jan. 2002 - 2004

  21. Turkish Technology Foresight Project - Organisation Steering Committee: • 27 Public (Co-ordination: TUBITAK) • 29 NGO’s and Chambers • 9 Universities Total of 65 bodies represented by high ranking officials and managers

  22. Turkish Technology Foresight Project - Methodology • Panels • 10 sectoral, 2 thematic panels • Over 200 meetings in one year • Delphi Survey • 413 statements and 20 questions in 11 areas • Reached 7000 experts / general anouncements • Return rate (first round): 34% • 44.000 statements: 105 response/statement (Technology Demand) (Technology Supply)

  23. Current state of the project • 11 Panels have come up with 95 "Technological Activity Area - TAA", by utilising the results of the Delphi survey. • A road map was prepared for each TAA, which includes the list of "Technology Fields - TF" needed. • Prioritisation of the technology fields in progress. • Synthesis reports (4 volumes) to appear soon. • Strategy Document to be submitted to SCST in autumn 2004.

  24. MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Thank you for your attention

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