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Start. Acting as commentator and supporter for Olivier Bodenreider. Acting as commentator for Olivier Bodenreider. Robert Baud Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève IMIA WG6 conference, Rome, April 2005. Ontology and Biomedical Informatics Rome, Italy – May 1, 2005.

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  1. Start Natural Language Processing Group HUGs Geneva

  2. Acting as commentatorand supporterfor Olivier Bodenreider Acting as commentatorfor Olivier Bodenreider Robert Baud Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève IMIA WG6 conference, Rome, April 2005

  3. Ontology and Biomedical Informatics Rome, Italy – May 1, 2005 Lexical and Statistical Approachesto Acquiring Ontological Relations Formal Methods for Casual Ontology? Olivier Bodenreider Lister Hill National Centerfor Biomedical CommunicationsBethesda, Maryland - USA Natural Language Processing Group HUGs Geneva

  4. What is the meaning of casual? • Informal ? • Random, unexpected ? • Superficial ? • Does it means that a casual ontology is: • not a totally well-formed ontology, • acting as an initial draft, • not following the usual constraints! • When enforcing the conditions for building formal ontologies, one immediately prepares a slot on the side in order to escape the rules! • Is casual ontology to be opposed to formal ontology? • Cf the discussion of this morning on reference ontology compared to application ontology. Natural Language Processing Group HUGs Geneva

  5. A casual Semantic Net Natural Language Processing Group HUGs Geneva

  6. Event Activity Human activity Machine activity Recreational activity Ontology building in the Semantic net Ontology building activity Natural Language Processing Group HUGs Geneva

  7. Well defined knowledge Automatic extraction Heuristic approach Fuzzy knowledge Adequate methods for seeking goals Natural Language Processing Group HUGs Geneva

  8. Combining formal and casual • Formal ontology • Provides a framework for building sound ontology • Too labor-intensive for building large ontologies • Can benefit from loosely defined ontologies • Casual ontology • Usually unsuitable for reasoning • Tools for automatic acquisition available • Can benefit from formal ontology • Organization • Validation Natural Language Processing Group HUGs Geneva

  9. Terminology is not ontology • We have a « long tradition of terminology building » but we lack a real culture of ontology building • Current developments on automatic knowledge extraction is mainly outside of the biomedical domain • Their authors are mainly linguists, they are terminology oriented, they are not originally ontology oriented • Terminology is language dependent • Ontology is domain dependent and language independent • An ontology acts as a structuring entity behind a terminology Natural Language Processing Group HUGs Geneva

  10. Proposal, we should: • … avoid the term casual ontology as a kind of second-hand ontology • … recognize the mutual benefits of simultaneous developments of heuristic and automatic approaches • … clearly make the distinction between terminology and ontology, not everybody being expert in both domains • … better define the vocabulary about ontology • … educate the future authors of ontology in the medical domain • … enforce the rules for building formal ontology using both heuristic and automatic tools Natural Language Processing Group HUGs Geneva

  11. Many thanks to Olivier Natural Language Processing Group HUGs Geneva

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