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Stellar Evolution Task

Learn about the evolutionary path of low-mass stars, from the main sequence to white dwarfs, with a focus on size and color changes. Explore the smallest and largest sizes of low-mass stars and their corresponding temperatures. Discover the stages of stellar evolution, including the subgiant branch, red giant branch, helium flash, horizontal branch, asymptotic giant branch, and planetary nebula.

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Stellar Evolution Task

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  1. Stellar Evolution Task Low Mass Stars How do they evolve

  2. Starter Task A The evolutionary path ofa low mass star NEXT Draw the path from main sequence to white dwarf in the HR diagram provided on the printed hand-outs 100 000 Sun main sequence Hand out Luminosity 1 Sun Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature

  3. Hand out Starter Task B What sizes can stars have NEXT Jupiter Sun You NTU Nottingham Earth Atom Highlight the smallest and largest sizes of a low mass star during its evolution on the size scale on the printed hand-out 0.000000000001 km 0.002 km 1 km 10 km 6 000 km 70 000 km 700 000 km Earth's Orbit Saturn's Orbit Solar System Next Star Sun Galaxy 40 000 000 000 000 km 300 000 000 000 000 000 km 700 000 km 150 000 000 km 1 500 000 000 km 6 000 000 000 km

  4. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature Main page oflow mass evolution Redo the starter tasks to finish Learn more about Evolutionary Speed Size Evolution Colour Change Some Questions on low mass evolution Some further images and information on evolutionary stages

  5. Starter Task A The evolutionary path ofa low mass star NEXT Draw the path from main sequence to white dwarf in the HR diagram provided on the printed hand-outs 100 000 Sun main sequence Hand out Luminosity 1 Sun Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature

  6. Hand out Starter Task B What sizes can stars have NEXT Jupiter Sun You NTU Nottingham Earth Atom 0.000000000001 nm 0.002 km 1 km 10 km 6 000 km 70 000 km 700 000 km Earth's Orbit Saturn's Orbit Solar System Next Star Sun Galaxy 40 000 000 000 000 km 300 000 000 000 000 000 km 700 000 km 150 000 000 km 150 000 000 km 1 500 000 000 km Highlight the smallest and largest sizes of a low mass star during its evolution on the size scale on the printed hand-out

  7. Stellar Evolution Task That's all on low mass stellar evolution !

  8. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Time Main sequence NEXT Play

  9. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Time Subgiant branch Previous NEXT Play

  10. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Time Red Giant Branch Previous NEXT Play

  11. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Time Helium Flash Previous NEXT Play

  12. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Time Horizontal Branch Previous NEXT Play

  13. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Time Asymptotic Giant Branch Previous NEXT Play

  14. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Time Planetary Nebula Previous NEXT Play

  15. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Time Previous Return to Main Page Play

  16. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity Size 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Main sequence NEXT Play

  17. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity Size 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Subgiant branch Previous NEXT Play

  18. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity Size 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Red Giant Branch Previous NEXT Play

  19. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity Size 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Helium Flash Previous NEXT Play

  20. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity Size 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Horizontal Branch Previous NEXT Play

  21. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity Size 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Asymptotic Giant Branch Previous NEXT Play

  22. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity Size 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Planetary Nebula Previous NEXT Play

  23. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity Size 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Previous Return to Main Page Play

  24. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Colour Main sequence NEXT Play

  25. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Colour Subgiant branch Previous NEXT Play

  26. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Red Giant Branch Colour Previous NEXT Play

  27. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Helium Flash Colour Previous NEXT Play

  28. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Horizontal Branch Colour Previous NEXT Play

  29. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Asymptotic Giant Branch Colour Previous NEXT Play

  30. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Planetary Nebula Colour Previous NEXT Play

  31. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature A low mass star in the HR diagram Colour Previous Return to Main Page Play

  32. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz When has a low mass star reached its largest size? Click on the right region in HR diagram! Return to Main Page Next question

  33. Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz When has a low mass star reached its largest size? Correct! On the Asymptotic Giant Branch a low mass star has reached its largest size of ~100 times larger than our Sun. Next question Return to Main Page

  34. Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz When has a low mass star reached its largest size? Wrong! Either try again or have another look at the size evolution slides Redo question Return to Main Page

  35. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz Which are the three longest evolutionary stages of a low mass star? Click on the one of the right regions in HR diagram! Previous question Next question Return to Main Page

  36. Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz Which are the three longest evolutionary stages of a low mass star? Correct! The main sequence is the longest evolutionary phase of a low mass star. Our Sun remains for 4.5billion years a main sequence star. Try to find the other phases or go to the next question. Redo question Next question Return to Main Page

  37. Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz Which are the three longest evolutionary stages of a low mass star? Correct! The horizontal branch is the third longest evolutionary phase of a low mass star. Try to find the other phases or go to the next question. Return to Main Page Redo question Next question

  38. Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz Which are the three longest evolutionary stages of a low mass star? Correct! The white dwarf phase is the second longest evolutionary phase of a low mass star. Actually this isn't a real phase. It is more the like the grave of a low mass star. Try to find the other phases or go to the next question. Redo question Return to Main Page

  39. Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz Which are the three longest evolutionary stages of a low mass star? Wrong! Either try again or have another look at the evolutionary speed slides. Return to Main Page Redo question

  40. 100 000 Sun main sequence Luminosity 1 Sun white dwarf 0.001 Sun 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz Which colour does a giant in the evolution of a low mass star have before it becomes a planetary nebula? Click on the right colour! Previous question Return to Main Page

  41. Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz Which colour does a giant in the evolution of a low mass star have before it becomes a planetary nebula? Correct! These stars are very red since they are very cool. Our Sun will become as cold as 2 500 K on its surface. Return to Main Page

  42. Stellar evolutionlow mass stars quiz Which colour does a giant in the evolution of a low mass star have before it becomes a planetary nebula? Wrong! Either try again or have another look at the colour change slides. Redo question Return to Main Page

  43. Info on low mass evolution Main Page Click on an evolutionary phase in the HR diagram you want to learn more about! Red Giants Horizontal Branch Planetary Nebula 100 000 Sun Luminosity 1 Sun 0.001 Sun White Dwarfs 40 000 K 2 500 K Surface Temperature

  44. Red Giants Info Page NEXT Betelgeuse Mira Red giants are sooo large that we can actually 'see' their size. Sadly we have to use very special techniques and can't just look through a very large telescope. Many bright red stars we see in the sky are red giants.

  45. Red Giants Previous Info Page NEXT NGC 6888 - Crecent Nebula Red giants lose some of their mass during their evolution. This material can form beautiful nebula around them and also enriches the surrounding space with heavy elements.

  46. Red Giants Info Page An artists impression of a Supernova Type Ia The Red Giant on the right is in a double star system. It provides material for a white dwarf on the left. If the white dwarf collects enough material it will explode as a Supernova (Type Ia). Since this happens at a very specific mass and the brightness depends on the mass, we can use these special Supernova to derive distances to very distant galaxies.

  47. Horizontal Branch Info Page NEXT A HR diagram of a cluster of old stars In this figure it becomes clear why these stars are called horizontal stars: The location of all horizontal branch stars is highlighted and they all lie in a horizontal region.

  48. Horizontal Branch Previous Info Page Variable Horizontal branch stars You will have noticed that some horizontal branch stars seemed to be above the normal region favoured by the others. These special stars are variable stars. Maybe you can spot them in the image of an old stellar cluster. These special stars are used to determine distance in our Galaxy.

  49. Planetary Nebula Info Page NEXT M57 - Ring nebula During the Planetary Nebula phase the star becomes a white dwarf and ejects all its mass into space. What remains is a white dwarf in the centre and a beautiful symetric nebula. It looks like a ring since the mass the star has lost is in a spherical shell around it.

  50. Planetary Nebula Previous Info Page NEXT NGC 6543 Sometimes the mass ejected by the star interacts with the mass it has lost during the Red Giant Phase and creates more complicated patterns. Here the nebula actually consists of two sperical shells. one to the top left and one to the bottom right of the star.

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