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Monitoring of organohalogens body burdens of the Czech population

Monitoring of organohalogens body burdens of the Czech population. M. Černá 1,2 , R. Grabic 3 , A. Batáriová 1,2 , B. Beneš 1 , J. Šmíd 2 , V. Bencko 4 1 Nat. Inst. Publ. Health, Prague 2 Charles Univ., 3 rd Fac.Med. Prague 3 Institute of Public Health, Ostrava

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Monitoring of organohalogens body burdens of the Czech population

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  1. Monitoring of organohalogens body burdens of the Czech population M. Černá1,2, R. Grabic3, A. Batáriová1,2, B. Beneš1, J. Šmíd2, V. Bencko4 1 Nat. Inst. Publ. Health, Prague 2 Charles Univ., 3rd Fac.Med. Prague 3 Institute of Public Health, Ostrava 4 Charles Univ., 1st Fac.Med. Prague

  2. Introduction The Czech Republic belongs to the countries with a relatively high body burden of PCBs in the past, due to the production of commercial PCB mixtures in the Slovak part of former Czechoslovakia up to 1984 when the production was abolished. Chlorinated pesticides were used in the agriculture in 60ties – 70ties when they were abolished, but their residua in the food chain and the dietary exposure of the Czech population are still existing. PCDDs and PCDFs as unwanted by-products of industrial and thermal processes can be detected in the vicinity of chemical industrial plants or hazardous waste incinerators.

  3. Introduction (cont.) • Exposure data are essential for health risk assessment and for the efficient regulation of these pollutants. • Human biomonitoring is the most appropriate approach to define body burden of lipophilic POPs. • Concentrations of POPs are measured in human body fluids and tissues containing lipids; human milk, blood serum or adipose tissue are most often used matrices. • Systematic Biological Monitoring Programs have been conducted in several countries to determine the current levels and long-term time trends.

  4. Biomonitoring projects realized in the Czech Republic within the last 15 years • 1. CZ-HBM within the nationalwide Environmental Health Monitoring System operated in the Czech Republic since 1994 (human milk, subcutaneous fat, blood serum and others) • 2. Participation in the 2nd (1992), 3rd (2000/01) and 4th (2005) round of the international WHO-coordinated Exposure Study of PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs concentrations in human milk. • 3. Cross-sectional study of the individual levels of PCDDs/PCDFs/PCBs in altogether 81 human milk samples collected in seven regions of the CR (1999-2001). • Studies targeted at the residents living in the vicinity of a chemical plant or of a solid waste incinerator. • Retrospective study of the levels of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in the pooled blood serum samples from Serum Biobank (1970-2000)supported by Ministry of Health (IGA NR/9015-3).

  5. CZ-HBM – monitored areas in the 1st and 2nd period

  6. A • Concentrations of selected chlorinated pesticides in human body of the Czech population • Human milk • Blood serum

  7. Chlorinated pesticides in human milk (medians, ng/g fat)

  8. 25000 20000 15000 ng/g fat 10000 5000 0 1970 1980 1990 2005 age (y) HCB Retrospective study – levels of HCB in the pooled serum samples from Ostrava 5-6 5-6 y 30-39 y 15-19 y 30-39 y 0-2 y 0-2 0-2 y 15-19 y 5-6 y 0-2 y 15-19 y 30-39 y 0-2 y 5-6 y

  9. 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 ng/g fat 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1970 1980 1990 2005 age (y) DDT Retrospective study – levels of DDT in the pooled serum samples from Ostrava 30-39 y 15-19 y 5-6 y 0-2 0-2 y 15-19 y 30-39 y 5-6 y 30-39 y 15-19 y 0-2 y 0-2 y 5-6 y

  10. Levels of HCB and DDE in human blood serum (µg/kg fat) in 2005

  11. B • Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyles in human body of the Czech population • Human milk • Blood serum

  12. 400 New locations 352 350 323 300 250 219 201 ng/g fat 200 185 174 168 165 165 164 139 150 137 100 50 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 CZ-HBM: time-related median values of PCB congener 153 in human milk

  13. Levels of indicator PCB 153 in human milk fat: differences in reference values throughout the years

  14. 700 646 600 500 476 400 ng/g fat 343 302 288 300 202 200 177 168 142 97.5 100 0 Uherské Praha Uherské Kolín Liberec Kladno Telč CZ-HBM 3rd WHO Hradiště I Hradiště II 2000 study 2000 Median levels of PCB 153 in human milk analyzed in cross-sectional study in 2000 - comparison with the CZ-HBM and the 3rd WHO-study data Ústí n. L.

  15. 450 425 400 379 350 300 250 219 215 ng/g fat 202 201 185 200 164 156 150 100 50 0 Kladno Uh. Kladno Uh. Liberec Pooled WHO2005 - 2005 - 2006 - 1992 Hradiště 2000 Hradiště 2000 sample NRL median median 1992 2000 2005 - ref. (median) lab. SRN 2nd WHO study 3rd WHO study 4th WHO study CZ-HBM WHO – coordinated studies: levels of PCB 153 in human milk

  16. 180 155.6 160 140 120 107.2 100 ng/g tuku 80 60 52.9 40 30.5 21.5 20 11.7 7.98 0 Hungary Cyprus Sudan Norway Luxembourg Slovakia CR 4th international WHO coordinated study: levels of PCB 153 in pooled samples of human milk

  17. Levels of PCB congener 153 in human blood serum (µg/kg fat) in 2005

  18. 1200 1000 800 ng/g fat 600 400 200 0 1970 1980 1990 2005 age (y) PCB153 Retrospective study – levels of PCB 153 in the pooled serum samples from Ostrava 30-39 y 30-39 y 15-19 y 15-19 y 5-6 y 5-6 y 5-6 y 0-2 y 30-39 y 0-2 y 0-2 y 15-19 y

  19. C Concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs in human body of the Czech population

  20. 25.0 19.8 20.0 15.0 13.1 TEQ pg/g fat 10.7 10.0 8.31 7.78 7.43 5.0 0.0 Kladno 1992 Uh . Hradiště 1992 Kladno 2000 Uh . Hradiště 2000 Liberec 2000 Pooled sample 2005 - ref. lab. SRN 2nd WHO study 3rd WHO study 4th WHO study

  21. 70 60 50 40 39.5 WHO-TEQ pg/g fat 30 28.5 18.3 20 14.4 15.2 14.3 14.3 10 9.37 7.41 5.66 5.04 5.03 5.51 3.68 3.32 2.74 2.65 2.4 0 Kladno 1992 Uh . Hrad. 1992 Kladno 2000 Uh . Hrad. 2000 Liberec 2000 Pooled sample 2005 – ref. lab. SRN ref. lab. SRN 2nd WHOstudy 3rd WHO study 4th WHOstudy PCDD PCDF PCB Pooled sample 2005 – ref. lab. SRN

  22. 25 20 5.39 5.5 15 3.72 4.78 9.02 WHO-TEQ 10 2.41 1.3 6.36 2.88 3.21 1.62 1.51 10.78 0.81 5 1.13 8.31 6.46 6.19 5.61 4.92 4.44 0 Cyprus Hungary Norway Sudan Slovakia CR Luxembourg PCDD/DF mono-ortho PCB non-ortho PCB WHO -TEQ values obtained in the 4th WHO-coordinated study – comparison with other countries

  23. Conclusions Sufficient data on the POPs body burden of the Czech population are available. Significant local differences, individual variability and increased levels of POPs with age are observed. Despite the significant declining trend (by around 50 %) of PCB in human milk over the 90-ties, Czech population is still at an increased exposure risk. Long-term declining trends are observed for HCB and DDT sum. Our results confirmed the existence of hot-spot locations within the country. The levels of PCDDs/PCDFs in human mílk of the Czech population are comparable with those in EU countries. Dioxin-like PCBs (mostly 126, 156) contribute more than 60% to WHO-TEQ value.

  24. Future plans The data presented can be used for estimation of the Czech background exposure (as related to Stockholm convention). Reference values for POPs components will be assessed with respect to time period, population group and age. Long-term time trends in body burden will be followed-up. The health consequences of the temporary elevation of infant body burdens are uncertain. Further health-related studies in this field are to be recommended.

  25. Thank you for your attention Acknowledgement: Partially funded by the Research grant IGA NR/9015-3 of the Czech Ministry of Health

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