ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Air Motors

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Air Motors Prepared by: Cameron Chidester Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: ; T: (435)797-; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.) W: http:// 3/9/2012

2. Outline • Reference list • Major applications • Basic working principle • Sample configurations • Major specifications • Limitations • Uses • Cost • How to Choose • Where to Buy ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Reference list • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_motor#cite_note-engineersedge-1 • http://enginemechanics.tpub.com/14105/css/14105_161.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_cylinder • http://www.ingersollrandproducts.com/IS/Category.aspx-am_en-4256 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_tools • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_power_unit • http://www.mdi.lu/english/produits.php • http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1033303_zero-pollution-motors-plans-2011-u-s-launch-for-106mpg-air-powered-car ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

4. Major Applications • Pneumatic hand tools • Shunters/mining locomotives • Commercial airliners (starter for main engine) • Hybrid automobile engine designs ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. Basic Working Principle • Mechanical work done by expanding compressed air1. • Work is in the form of either linear or rotary motion. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

6. Rotary-type Motor • Pressure at the inlet pushing on the vanes causes the motor to rotate2. • Also referred to as a vane-type motor ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

7. Rotary-type Motor (cont.) • Because the rotor and vanes are offset from the drive shaft, the vanes are spring loaded to allow them to extend and retract as they rotate. • When a vane is extended, the increase force due to the increased surface area causes the rotation. • By switching the inlet and outlet, the motor can rotate in either direction2. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

8. Piston-type Motor • Uses a series of pneumatic cylinders enclosed in a housing1. • Cylinders are synchronized to provide maximum power delivery by the motor. • There are two types of pneumatic cylinders, single-acting and double-acting, however, single-acting cylinders are typically used in piston-type motors3. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

9. Piston-type Motor (cont.) • Single-acting cylinder • Double-acting cylinder ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

10. Piston-type Motor (cont.) • Once actuated, compressed air enters the cylinder at one end and pushes on the piston. • For a single-acting cylinder, when the pressure is released a spring returns the piston to its “home” position. • Double-acting cylinders have two ports. When the pressure is released from the first port, pressure is applied to the second port to return the piston to its “home” position3. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

11. Sample Configurations • Vane-type motor4 • Piston-type motor4 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

12. Major Specifications • Rotary-type • Rotation speeds – can vary between 100 and 25,000 RPM1. • Piston-type • Cylinder “stroke” – distance from the “home” position to fully extended. • Operating pressure - dependent on ratio of cylinder stroke (rod length) to rod diameter3. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

13. Uses – Hand Tools • Cheaper and safer to run and maintain than electric hand tools. • Higher power-to-weight ratio, resulting in a smaller, lighter tool to accomplish the same task5. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

14. Uses - Aircraft • Part of an aircraft’s APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) • Provides power to start the main engines6. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

15. Uses - Automobiles • Used on vehicles designed for urban use. • Zero or low pollution (depending on setup). • High torque obtained from low/moderate power source. • Efficiency increased when combined with other energy sources (petrol, diesel, oil, alcohol, or gas) 7. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

16. Uses – Automobiles (cont.) • Less expensive than complex hybrid and electric cars. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

17. Limitations • Access to an air source • Pressure that can be delivered by source • Power supply for compressor (automobiles) ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

18. Cost • Hand tools – typically range from $30 to $300 • Industrial use motors – around $100 to $1000 depending on size, torque, etc. • Cars – around $18,000 to $20,0008 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

19. How to Choose • Power consumption • Torque • Pressure ratings • Application • Cost ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

20. Where to Buy • www.granger.com • www.drillspot.com • www.zorotools.com • www.amazon.com • Tools – home improvement stores (Sears, Lowe’s, Home Depot, etc.) • Cars - not currently available in the U.S. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators