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New Methods for Medical Imaging to Lower the Dose of Radiation

Nishat Hossain . New Methods for Medical Imaging to Lower the Dose of Radiation. Overview. What is a CT scan? Who uses CT scans? How can CT scans be dangerous? What is being developed in world of BME to deal with this?. What is a CT scan?. computed tomography or computed axial tomography

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New Methods for Medical Imaging to Lower the Dose of Radiation

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  1. Nishat Hossain New Methods for Medical Imaging to Lower the Dose of Radiation

  2. Overview • What is a CT scan? • Who uses CT scans? • How can CT scans be dangerous? • What is being developed in world of BME to deal with this?

  3. What is a CT scan? • computed tomography or computed axial tomography • Takes multiple x-ray images in slices • Slice are put back together to create a 3 dimensional image • Range from images of the brain to images inside a person’s body cavity • The first CT scan was developed in 1970 • Took hours to collect enough slices for an image.

  4. Picture of CT scan

  5. Who uses CT scans? • The number of people employing the use of CT scans increases everyday. • In 1980 -3 million. • By 2007 the number of scans increased to 70 million scans. • This is an 86% increase per year over 27 years.

  6. How can CT scans be dangerous? • Amongst the 70 million having CT scans • 29,000 will eventually get cancer • 14,500 will die from this cancer. • Simple head injury requires 21 scans all of which took place over a course of 4 days.

  7. What is being developed in world of BME to deal with this? • Three major methods under development. • ASIR -Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction • Iterative Reconstruction in Image Space • Interior tomography being developed by Dr. Ge Wang at Virginia Tech.

  8. Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction • Less intense X-ray beams. • More noise however through voxel comparison noise can be removed. • When pixels are too different from adjacent pixels they are discarded as noise. • The ASIR system uses 32-65% less radiation while retaining all pertinent data. • For heart scans it has 90% radiation reduction.

  9. Comparison Between CT and ASIR

  10. Iterative Reconstruction in Image Space • Deconstructs and reconstructs images. • IRIS will become available by the second half of 2010. • IRIS was not possible sooner because computationally intensive and the technology needed to decode the algorithms was not available.

  11. Interior Tomography • This is a low dose scanning system being developed at Virginia tech. • Rake scans of smaller areas • image is only taken within the edges of the area of interest • to image the heart only the are near the heart to and from the edge of the body scanned • Here the edges determined in reference to air pockets or regions of blood requiring a smaller area • By reducing the area that is scanned the dose can be reduced proportionally.

  12. Conclusion • As CT scans continue to be used in the medical world it is important to continue work to reduce the risk of cancer that comes with employing this technology. • These three methods or scanning are just a few amongst many alternative methods that are sure to become available in the future.

  13. Works Cited • Anonymous. "Medical Imagers Lower the Dose." IEEE Spectrum 47.3 (2010): 14-16. Web. 5 Apr. 2010. • Johnson, Arthur T. "Caution:Medical Technology Can Be Dangerious to Your Health." BMES Bulletin 34.1 (2010): 10. Web. 5 Apr. 2010. • Slowik, Guy. "What Is A CT Scan?" EhealthMD.com. Sept. 2010. Web. 10 Apr. 2010. <http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/ctscan/CTS_whatis.html>.

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