The Amazing World of Bacteria!!!!

2. The Amazing World of Bacteria!!!!

3. Bacterial Kingdoms! Bacteria are ALWAYS Unicellular Prokaryotes (NO Nucleus)! There are two Kingdoms of Bacterial Life: • Archaebacteria – cell walls without Peptidogylcan. Very old and live in extreme environments • Eubacteria – cell walls with Peptidoglycan. The bacteria that infect us!

5. Bacteria Contain: • A Cell Wall • Circular DNA 3. Tiny Pieces of DNA called plasmids • Ribosomes for making protein • Flagella for movement (sometimes)

8. Bacteria Reproduce: Asexually through a process called Binary Fission. This results in two identical daughter cells (clones).

9. Conjugation A process bacteria go through to share DNA. Bacteria don’t exchange their entire DNA just the small plasmid rings. This is how they share genetic info and become antibiotic resistant.

10. Identifying Bacteria! Bacteria are very small, much smaller than a single human cell, but they can be identified by their: 1. Shape 2. Arrangement 3. The way they obtain food/energy

11. Bacteria Shapes! Bacteria have three main shapes! • Bacilli: Rod-shaped • Cocci: Spherical • Spirilla: Cork-screw shaped

13. Bacterial Arrangements Those three shapes of bacteria can come in three different arrangements: • Pairs of two: prefix diplo- • In Chains: prefix strepto- • In Clusters: prefix staphylo-

14. Bacterial Arrangements So, if you looked under a microscope and found a spherical bacteria in pairs of two what would you call it?

15. Bacterial Arrangements So, if you looked under a microscope and found a spherical bacteria in pairs of two what would you call it? Diplococcus! What about a spherical bacteria in chains?

16. Bacterial Arrangements What about a spherical bacteria in chains? Streptococci or Streptococcus bacteria!

17. Bacterial Arrangements What about a rod shaped bacteria in chains?

18. Bacterial Arrangements What about a rod shaped bacteria in chains? Streptobaccili!

19. Bacteria Metabolism Bacteria are much more diverse than we are in their ways of obtaining energy. Some make their own food (autotrophs) and some must obtain energy from outside sources (heterotrophs).

20. 1. Hetereotrophic Bacteria These bacteria eat others/food. • Decomposers – eat and recycle organic material • Pathogens – parasites. They either attack cells directly or secrete toxins that damage cells • Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria – turn atmospheric nitrogen into a form life can use.

21. 2. Autotrophic Bacteria These bacteria make their own food. • Photoautotrophs - use the sun’s energy to make food. • Chemoautotrophs – Obtain energy from molecules like ammonia or sulfur dioxide

22. Helpful Bacteria • Decomposers break down dead organic material • Biotechnology - inserting helpful genes into a plasmid • Bioremediation - bacteria eat up oil spills • Food production– cheese and yogurt • Put nitrogen back into the soil • Aid in digestion

23. Some Bacterial Diseases

24. Above are Petri Dishes with Agar that are used to culture bacteria.

25. The Amazing World of Bacteria!!!!

26. Bacterial Kingdoms! Bacteria are ALWAYS Unicellular Prokaryotes (NO Nucleus)! There are two Kingdoms of Bacterial Life: • Archaebacteria – cell walls without Peptidogylcan. Very old and live in extreme environments • Eubacteria – cell walls with Peptidoglycan. The bacteria that infect us!

28. Bacteria Contain: • A Cell Wall • Circular DNA 3. Tiny Pieces of DNA called plasmids • Ribosomes for making protein • Flagella for movement (sometimes)

31. Bacteria Reproduce: Asexually through a process called Binary Fission. This results in two identical daughter cells (clones).

32. Conjugation A process bacteria go through to share DNA. Bacteria don’t exchange their entire DNA just the small plasmid rings. This is how they share genetic info and become antibiotic resistant.

33. Identifying Bacteria! Bacteria are very small, much smaller than a single human cell, but they can be identified by their: 1. Shape 2. Arrangement 3. The way they obtain food/energy

34. Bacteria Shapes! Bacteria have three main shapes! • Bacilli: Rod-shaped • Cocci: Spherical • Spirilla: Cork-screw shaped

36. Bacterial Arrangements Those three shapes of bacteria can come in three different arrangements: • Pairs of two: prefix diplo- • In Chains: prefix strepto- • In Clusters: prefix staphylo-

37. Bacterial Arrangements So, if you looked under a microscope and found a spherical bacteria in pairs of two what would you call it?

38. Bacterial Arrangements So, if you looked under a microscope and found a spherical bacteria in pairs of two what would you call it? Diplococcus! What about a spherical bacteria in chains?

39. Bacterial Arrangements What about a spherical bacteria in chains? Streptococci or Streptococcus bacteria!

40. Bacterial Arrangements What about a rod shaped bacteria in chains?

41. Bacterial Arrangements What about a rod shaped bacteria in chains? Streptobaccili!

42. Bacteria Metabolism Bacteria are much more diverse than we are in their ways of obtaining energy. Some make their own food (autotrophs) and some must obtain energy from outside sources (heterotrophs).

43. 1. Hetereotrophic Bacteria These bacteria eat others/food. • Decomposers – eat and recycle organic material • Pathogens – parasites. They either attack cells directly or secrete toxins that damage cells • Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria – turn atmospheric nitrogen into a form life can use.

44. 2. Autotrophic Bacteria These bacteria make their own food. • Photoautotrophs - use the sun’s energy to make food. • Chemoautotrophs – Obtain energy from molecules like ammonia or sulfur dioxide

45. Helpful Bacteria • Decomposers break down dead organic material • Biotechnology - inserting helpful genes into a plasmid • Bioremediation - bacteria eat up oil spills • Food production– cheese and yogurt • Put nitrogen back into the soil • Aid in digestion

46. Some Bacterial Diseases

47. Above are Petri Dishes with Agar that are used to culture bacteria.