TKMM01 Manufacturing simulation …….…......…... Taylor ED

1. TKMM01 Manufacturing simulation …….…......…... Taylor ED

2. Starting up ED Possible to download to your personal computers via the schools computers Works together with Windows 7 but without help files (run in compatibility mode with XP)

4. Modeling in Taylor ED • Objects queue up and are serviced by other objects • Processing is modeled as a (stochastic) time step • A model according to this principle is called a queuing network model • The object or building block of Taylor ED: ATOM

5. Atom Overview • Everything is an Atom • Resources and products are atoms • Atoms can contain other atoms • Atoms can be moved from atom to atom • Atoms can be created and destroyed • Atoms can inherit behavior from atoms • 4 Dimensional • x,y,z location • time

8. Application Hierarchy • Taylor ED • Logistic suite application • Library < model | create > • modeling atoms • functional atoms • Model < model | edit > • model atoms • functional atoms Contains mother atoms Do not modify!!!

9. Building a Model • <Model | Create> or • drag atoms from library into the 2D model layout • double and/or right click to edit atom parameters • time always in seconds • sizes always in meters

10. Moving around in a view • Pan: • press and hold left mouse button • move around your mouse • Zoom • press and hold both left and right mouse button • zoom in: move your mouse vertically up • zoom out: move your mouse vertically down • Change view angle (3D only) • press and hold right mouse button • move around your mouse: the center of the view window is your pivot point

11. Running a Model • <model | run>, <Shift + F4> or to popup run control • unlimited speed • (synchro) real time • slide control • custom speed • press reset and then run to start the simulation

12. Atom Channel Concept • <View | Channels> to set the channel view Tip! Use Ctrl+R • 0..n input/output channels • Input and output channels are used to pass atoms or to reference to other atoms • 1 central channel • Central channel is used for referencing only • Channels connect: • one output is connected to one input channel • multiple channels can be connected to the central channel • connect to own central channel to delete the connection

13. Atom Channels • <View | Channels> to • connect by dragging mouse from dot to dot • right click on channel dot: show current connections • double click on channel dot: interactively change a connection • create/delete channels by pressing the small plus “+” or minus “-” sign • red: closed • green: open • Channels as arch or line • <view | set | channels as arch> • <file | preferences | visualization>

14. Atom Categories • Baseclass (mother atoms) Do not change a mothers atom! • “bare” atom, no functionality • library atoms are created by adding functionality to a baseclass atom • Daughter • inherits functionality from it’s mother (original) • when creating an atom by dragging, you create a daughter • Duplicate • direct copy • there is no inheritance of functionality between the original and the copy

15. Library Tree <Shift + F2> The treeview of the library, also the “Model Layout” window will pop up • View: • Atom Info: will display atom help • VEG: will display Visual Editing Guide • Tree • refreshes, collapse or expand the treeview • VEG • visual editing guide: displays the active tree atom in a simple layout view • autoscale, zoom in, zoom out

16. Model Layout Window • Edit: • cut, copy, paste and delete atoms • set the rotation • View: • Channels and grid settings • override display settings • up <Ctrl+U> and down <Ctrl+D> in hierarchy (highest is the model level)

17. Library Contents • General • Source • Queue • Server • Sink • Modeling • Operations • Storage • Transporters • Operators • Availability • Products • Other • Tools • Visualization 3D • External Data • Experiments • Results • Other • System

18. Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

19. Model Tree <Shift + F3> The tree-view of the complete model Menu is the same as the library tree plus • Right or double click: • atom specific: user interface • general: standard parameters editing • label: atom specific labels • VEG is more useful here Tip! Use understandable names on your atoms Tip! Use Refresh (F5) to update the Model tree

20. 2D/3D View • 2D view • Left mouse drag: pan through the view • Both left and right mouse button drag: • Up/down: zoom in/out • 3D view Tip! Shift+F9 • Left mouse drag: pan through the view • Right mouse drag: • Left/right: rotate • Up/Down : view angle • Both left and right mouse button drag: • Up/down: zoom in/out

21. 4DScript

22. 4DScript Overview • 4DScript is a functional language: • example: 1+2 is written +(2,1) • 4DScript for everything • model logic • create atoms • control Taylor ED from outside applications • 4DScript is auto compiled during run-time • In logistic suite mostly used to manipulate labels in triggers and conditional statements

23. 4DScript Syntax • 4D Script words have 0..25 parameters • Parameters between ( ) • Parameters separated by a comma: “ , ” • Parameters can be: • values • strings • expressions • (4DScript) Strings always between square brackets “ [ .. ] ” • Comments between { }

24. 4DScript Syntax Quick example setlabel(e1,e2,e3) e1 – Name of the label, a string within [] brackets e2 – Value, number -> plain text or string -> within [] brackets e3 – Reference to location (c,i or reference functions e.g. in(1, c)) setlabel([testlabel], 44, i)

25. 4DScript Syntax • Multiple lines and spaces • NOT sensitive in 4DScript • sensitive label or other naming • Lower and/or upper case • NOT sensitive in 4DScript • sensitive label or other naming • All brackets must match! Tip! Use tabs and new line when writing longer functions e.g. do( setlabel([blue], 1,i), setlabel([green], label([blue],i), i), setlabel([red],0,i) ) Instead of writing do(setlabel([blue],1,i),setlabel([green],label([blue],i),i),setlabel([red],0,i))

26. Atom Labels • Also called dynamic database fields • To read and write data on specific atoms: • strings • values • Setting labels: • setlabel(e1,e2,e3) • Sets label e1 (string) of atom e3 (reference) to e2 (string or value) • 4DScript “sddb” does the same • Labels do not need to be declared

27. Atom Labels • Query labels • label(e1,e2,{e3}) • Returns label e1 of atom e2 • e3 is optional: • e3=1 then always value is returned • e3=2 then always string is returned • 4DScript “ddb” does the same • Name of the label is case sensitive

28. Atom Referencing • About atom referencing • In Entry and Exit triggers • Direct referencing • Relative referencing

29. About atom referencing • Referencing in Taylor ED is like using a pointer • You need to reference other atoms to: • get information or data from that atom • send atoms or messages to other atoms • To refer to an atom is in general always relative • Relative referencing is used because: • it is needed in an object oriented environment !! • everything is an atom (model, product, machine…) • it is fast

30. In Entry/Exit Triggers • Current “c” & Involved “i” • ‘c’ is current atom or the atom where the statement is written on • ‘i’ is the involved atom or the atom that triggered an eventhandler i c

31. Entry/Exit Triggers Example Trigger on Creation in a Source ATOM

32. Direct Atom Referencing • Sometimes Atoms can be referenced directly: • library = library atom • model = model atom • treeatom = currently selected atom in treeview • animatom = currently selected atom in 2D animation window • atombyname([e1], e2) = atom with name e1 in container e2 • atombyID(e1, e2) = atom with ID-number in container e2 (e.g. model) • if tables have aliases you can use the table name direct

33. Relative Atom Referencing • All other referencing is relative: start from the atom where statement is written (=c): • first(e1) = first atom inside atom e1 • last(e1) = last atom inside atom e1 • next(e1) = the atom next of atom e1 in same container • prev(e1) = the atom previous of atom e1 in same container • up(e1) = container of atom e1 • in(e1,e2) = atom connected to input channel e1 of atom e2 • out(e1,e2) = atom connected to output channel e1 of atom e2 • rank(e1,e2) = atom at position e1 in queue of atom e2

34. Atom Statistics Is available for every atom at any time: • age - time from creation or reset • content - current number of atoms contained in an atom • avgcontent- average number of atoms contained in an atom since reset • avgstay - average time (sec.) atoms have stayed in an atom since reset • input- the number of atoms which have entered • output - the number of atoms which have exited • status - the state of an atom (see table of atom T029-Statuslist) • entrytime - time (sec.) at which an atom has entered

35. Empirical Distribution Atom • Maximum 50 records per distribution • Use an alias name to assign the distribution direct

36. Table Atom Tip! If you need to create or use large tables (larger then 100 rows or columns) use local table instead of linking to excel table. This speeds up the simulation. • Indirect referencing use: • setcell(1,1,123,c) • cell(1,1,c) • Direct referencing use • an alias name has been created eg: times • settimes(1,1,123) • times(1,1) • Column and row 0 are the header columns and rows • Index out of range will not give an error message, but results in the return of 0

37. Conditional Statements • if(e1,e2,{e3}) • e1 = condition • e2 = true logic • e3 = false logic, not mandatory => 0 is returned • and/or allowed in condition Example: if(comparetext(label([ok],i),[yes]), negexp(10), negexp(50) )

38. Multiple Statements • “DO” - statement • do(e1,do(e1..e25),..e25) • maximum is 25 parameters Example: do( setlabel([ok],[yes],i), setlabel([time],negexp(60),i) )

39. 4DScript Editor Functionality • Auto Brackets • Auto Select • 4Dscript View • Select Word (F2) • Previous Word (F3) • Next Word (F4) • Get Word (F8) • Check Syntax (F10) • Color View (F11) • Tree View (F12) • Select All (Ctrl+A) • Find Replace • Print • Save to file • Loud from file Tip! Use check syntax (F10)

40. Repeat Statements • loopuntil(e1,e2,e3) • e1 = condition • e2 = statements • e3 = maximum repetitions • use ‘count’ for the current number of loops made • omitting e3 might result in endless loop

41. Repeat Statements • repeat(e1,e2) • e1 = number of repetitions • e2 = statements • use ‘count’ for the current number of loops made repeat( content(c), stopatom(rank(count,c)) )

42. Statistical distributions Use of statistics: • Before simulation: - determine the distributions - goodness of fit • During simulation: - random numbers - samples from a distribution • After simulation: - analysis of results - reliability

43. Discrete Distributions A discrete stochastic variable represents a countable number of possible values. One particular value has a chance (greater than zero) of occurring.

44. Bernoulli distribution • Parameters in Taylor ED: - probability in % - result1 - result2 • A sample having result1 is equal to probability, result2 has a chance of 100% - probability. Choice between two values:bernoulli(40,6,10)

45. Empirical distribution Product mix, Route choices, Test passed,.. P(x) Value 15% 2 25% 7 20% 10 35% 12 5% 30 In Tayor ED you can use an alias name

46. Continuous Distributions The chance of a sample, according to a certain distribution, results in a value between ‘a’ and ‘b’, is equal to the dark gray area. The chance the sample will result in precisely ‘a’, is equal to zero.

47. Uniform Distribution • Can be used if the information is global • uniform(e1,e2)

48. Normal Distribution • Fluctuations around an average • normal(e1,e2)

49. Negative Exponential Distribution • To model irregular (arrival) processes • negexp(e1)

50. Lognormal Distribution • Asymmetrical “normal” distrubution • Repair times and process times • lognormal(e1,e2)