CHAPTER 11

1. CHAPTER 11 REVIEW

2. Parasitic worms would be classified as which type of water pollutant? • A. Organic matter • B. Inorganic chemicals • C. Pathogen • D. Heavy metals

3. C. Pathogen

4. Earth’s surface water is found in • A. Rivers • B. Streams • C. Lakes • D. All of the above

5. D. All of the above

6. What is an inexpensive solution to providing everyone with more fresh water to use? • A. Drilling more wells into aquifers • B. Building more dams • C. Desalination • D. Water conservation

7. D. Water conservation

8. The 1990 Oil Pollution Act requires that all • A. Oil used in the U.S. is recycled • B. Underground storage facilities be constructed of composite materials • C. Leaking underground storage facilities be repaired in 90 days • D. Tankers in U.S. waterways be double hulled by the year 2015

9. D. Tankers in U.S. waterways be double hulled by the year 2015

10. A common feature of thermal pollution and artificial eutrophication is that they both • A. Are a result of power plants and other industrial activity • B. Have sources that are difficult to identify and control • C. Decrease the amount of oxygen dissolved in water • D. Cause large mats of algae to bloom in fresh water

11. C. Decrease the amount of oxygen dissolved in water

12. Which of the following is one way a person could conserve water? • A. Water your lawn daily and at mid-day • B. Take a long bath instead of a shower • C. Use a low-flow showerhead and take short showers • D. Wash laundry in small, partial loads

13. C. Use a low-flow showerhead and take short showers

14. The largest watershed in the United States is the • A. Yukon River • B. Mississippi River • C. Colorado River • D. Rio Grande

15. B. Mississippi River

16. Which of the following is not a true statement about the social and environmental impact of dams? • A. Dams are built to resolve disputes between neighboring countries. • B. Environmental concern is one reason for their decreased construction • C. Dams allow a river’s natural power to be converted into useful energy • D. Land behind the dam undergoes change because of the change in the flow of the river

17. A. Dams are built to resolve disputes between neighboring countries.

18. The effects of water pollution on ecosystems • A. Can be demonstrated by natural eutrophication • B. Are always immediate and highly lethal • C. Can magnify over time within food chains • D. Result mostly from point-source pollution sources

19. C. Can magnify over time within food chains

20. Most of the pollutants in the ocean come from • A. Activities on land • B. Commercial boats and personal watercraft • C. Leaking underground storage facilities • D. Spills from oil tankers

21. A. Activities on land

22. Which of the following is most likely to cause conflict between two countries that share a river? • A. The “upstream” country drills a large number of new water wells • B. The “upstream” country builds a series of new dams • C. The “downstream” country uses an increasing amount of water for irrigation • D. New industries dump pollutants into the river near the delta where the river empties into the ocean

23. B. The “upstream” country builds a series of new dams

24. Many areas of the world without adequate fresh water have become habitable because • A. Water conservation has been implemented • B. Icebergs have been towed in to provide fresh water • C. Water management projects have diverted water to the area • D. Rainfall patterns have changed

25. C. Water management projects have diverted water to the area

26. Which of the following is a true statement about surface water? • A. It makes up less than 1% of all water on Earth • B. All large cities use surface water as a water source • C. Sluggish waters make natural lakes poor water sources • D. Drought conditions reduce the amount of surface water worldwide

27. A. It makes up less than 1% of all water on Earth

28. Some communities have banned detergents containing high levels of phosphates because • A. Phosphates kill algae and disrupt normal food webs in lakes • B. Phosphates cause chemical reactions that raise the temperature of river and lake water, disrupting ecosystems • C. Phosphates are not efficient cleansers • D. Excessive phosphates in lakes may begin a process that causes fish to suffocate and die

29. D. Excessive phosphates in lakes may begin a process that causes fish to suffocate and die

30. An effective approach to preventing future shortages of usable water should focus on • A. Emphasizing the additive effect of individual attempts to conserve water • B. Reducing the pollution of existing water sources by education and enforcement • C. Developing and refining new ways to produce fresh water such as desalination • D. All of the above

31. D. All of the above

32. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is • A. Stored in large underground rock structures • B. Solidified at the North & South Poles • C. Suspended in atmospheric cloud formations • D. Held in reservoirs behind large dams

33. B. Solidified at the North & South Poles

34. When neighborhood residents noticed a large number of dead fish in a local creek, they traced the problem to a nearby gas station. It turned out that a tank of gasoline had developed a leak. This is an example of • A. Point-source pollution • B. Nonpoint-source pollution • C. Thermal pollution • D. Groundwater pollution

35. A. Point-source pollution

36. Which of the following might occur as a result of plastic trash accumulating in the ocean? • A. Sea mammals, such as seal, become tangled in clear plastic fishing lines and drown • B. Sea birds are strangled by plastic six-pack rings • C. Turtles mistake clear plastic bags for jellyfish, ingest them, & die of intestinal blockage • D. All of the above

37. D. All of the above

38. What is the purpose of adding chlorine to water during the water treatment process? • A. To remove unwanted gases • B. To filter and remove large debris • C. To form flocs that bacteria and other impurities will cling to • D. To kill bacteria that have accumulated, as well as prevent future bacterial growth

39. D. To kill bacteria that have accumulated, as well as prevent future bacterial growth

40. Which of the following represents nonpoint-source pollution? • A. Polluted wastewater from a chemical plant • B. Runoff from agricultural feedlots • C. Unlined landfill • D. Leaking oil tanker

41. B. Runoff from agricultural feedlots

42. Most large cities get water for households and industries from • A. Rivers and lakes • B. Pumps connected to springs • C. Deep wells • D. Removing salt from sea water

43. A. Rivers and lakes

44. What is the relationship between groundwater and surface water? • A. Surface water percolates through the soil to form groundwater • B. There is no relationship between surface & groundwater; they form independently • C. Groundwater filters through the soil to form surface water • D. Surface water is found in lakes directly above underground water sources

45. A. Surface water percolates through the soil to form groundwater

46. Polluted ground water is difficult to clean because • A. Groundwater is deep in the ground and dispersed through large areas of rock • B. Pollutants cling to the materials that make up the aquifer and contaminate the clean water • C. The recycling process of groundwater can take hundreds or thousands of years • D. All of the above

47. D. All of the above

48. A true statement about aquifers is that • A. They are formed by underground rivers and leakage from deep lakes • B. Their water levels remain stable because they recharge so rapidly • C. Their water does not circulate in the water cycle because it cannot evaporate under ground • D. They are hard to purify because the water collects in sand and rocks

49. D. They are hard to purify because the water collects in sand and rocks

50. How is fresh water used in industry? • A. In the disposal of waste products • B. To generate power • C. In manufacturing processes • D. All of the above