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Set 3. Agricultural Hazards. Marissa Morton SAAIP Top Jobs Intern. Mechanical Hazards. Pinch Point—Hazard that is formed when two machine parts move together and at least one of the parts moves in a circle Wrap Point—Any type of rotating machine component
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Set 3 Agricultural Hazards Marissa Morton SAAIP Top Jobs Intern
Mechanical Hazards • Pinch Point—Hazard that is formed when two machine parts move together and at least one of the parts moves in a circle • Wrap Point—Any type of rotating machine component • Shear Point—when the edges of two machine parts move across or close enough to each other to cut a relatively soft material
Mechanical Hazards • Crush Points—formed when two objects are moving toward each other, or when one object is moving toward a stationary object, and the gap between the two is decreasing • Pull-In Points—parts that come close with each other, such as feed rolls, often form pull-in points. • Burn Points—Hot mufflers, engine blocks, pipes, and fluids (fuel, oils, chemicals)
Mechanical Hazards • Freewheeling Parts—parts of a machine continue moving after the power to the machine is turned off. • Stored Energy—energy that is confined is released unexpectedly. • Thrown Object—occurs as normal machine operations discharge materials into the surrounding environment.
Noise Hazards • Noise is measured in decibels. • Examples: • 15 Decibels = A Whisper • 50 Decibels = Gentle Breeze • 60 Decibels = Normal Talk Level • 90 Decibels = Chopping Silage • 100 Decibels = Tractor at work • 140 Decibels = Shotgun Blast or Jet Engine • Sound loss starts occurring at about 85 Decibels http://store.drumbum.com/media/ear-plugs-protection-sign.jpg
Respiratory Hazards • Dusts—solid particles (0.1-25 microns in size) created by handling, crushing, grinding, and moving materials such as rock, metal, wood, and crops. • Mists—Liquid droplets suspended in the air represent mists as a respiration hazard (example: paint sprays and cutting oil). • Fumes—Material that becomes airborne during welding (metal welding rod and flux) are examples of fumes.
Gases and Vapors • Common gases and vapors include those from: • Manure Gases • Farm Shop Gases • Silo Gases • Welding Vapors • Engine Vapors • Solvents and Paint Thinners
Lung Disease and Asthma • Farmer’s Lung—Allergic reaction caused by inhaling moldy hay, straw, and grain. • Organic Dust Toxicity Syndrome (ODTS)—caused by a reaction to inhaling molds from spoiling grain and forage. • Asthma—Disease of the respiratory system. The small air tubes in the lungs tend to swell and air tubes tighten when an asthma attack occurs.
Working With Livestock • Youth under age 16 are prohibited from working in a yard, pen, or stall with: • Cows with newborn calves • Bulls, boars, or stud horses kept for breeding purposes • Sows with nursing pigs • Be aware of “Flight Zones” • Flight zones are animals personal space. An excited animal has a larger flight zone.
Working with Livestock • Precautions to Take: • Plan an escape route • Wear steel-toed shoes • Avoid animals hind legs • Use squeeze clutches to hold animals • Approach livestock so that animals can see you coming • Move cattle in well lit places • Avoid loud noises and quick movements • Be patient • Keep animal handling facilities clear of sharp objects • Ask for help when moving animals if the animal is excited or nervous • If the animal is nervous, wait 30 minutes before moving the animal
Point of Balance • An animal’s point of balance is the shoulder • If you stand behind the shoulder, the animal will move forward. • When you stand in front of the shoulder, the animal will stop moving forward http://www.grandin.com/gifs/vicky-flyzone2.jpg
Agricultural Pesticides • There are four ways that chemical exposure can occur: • Oral (mouth) • Dermal (skin) • Inhalation (lungs) • Ocular (eyes)
Electrical Hazards • Two types of hazards: • Electric Shock Hazard • Heat and Fire Hazard • Electrical Devices Used • Distribution Panel • Underwriters Laboratories • Switches and Receptacles
Electrical Hazards • Circuit Breakers and Fuses • Grounding • Lock-Outs • Hostile Farm Conditions • Extension Cords • Underground Utilities http://www.ndswebservices.com/images/SmallCord.jpg
Key Terms in Fire Safety • Auto-Ignition • Combustible • Flammable/Nonflammable • Flash Point • Kindling Point/Ignition Point • Spontaneous Combustion • Vapors • Volatility
The Fire Triangle • There are three things necessary to start a fire: • Fuel • Heat • Air http://ehs.sc.edu/training/Fire/triangle.gif
Fire Prevention and Control • Work-Site Analysis • Maintenance and Housekeeping • Fire Prevention and Control Training
Using a Fire Extinguisher • 4 Step process called PASS • Pull the Pin • Aim at the base of the fire • Squeeze the trigger • Sweep from side to side http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/productImages/8/1/00000117781-FirstAlertFE3A40FireExtinguisher-large.jpeg
Preventing Hay Fires • Harvest Practices—mow in early morning • Conditioning Practices—less than 50% humidity • Bailing Practices—18-20% moisture • Storage Practices—store hay under cover http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Round_hay_bale_at_dawn02.jpg
What is a Confined Space? • OSHA defines confined spaces as: • Space large enough and so configured that a person can enter and perform assigned work. • Space limited in openings for entry and exit purposes • Space lacking natural ventilation • Space that could contain or produce dangerous contaminants • Space not intended for continuous human occupancy Youth under age 16 PROHIBITED from working in a confined space!
Silo Safety Guidelines • Stay out of newly filled silos for at least 2 weeks—use breathing apparatus if you must enter • Close feed room door to barn • If silo must be entered • Run Ventilation fan • Get help from an adult • Wear dust mask
Plugged Equipment—Safety Tips • Disengage power to the machine • Turn off tractor engine • Wait for free-wheeling blower fan blades to come to a complete stop • DO NOT use your hands and feet to unplug a machine!
Grain Bin Safety http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ageng/safety/ae1102-4.gif http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/figures/00001027.gif http://www.cdc.gov/nasd/docs/d001601-d001700/d001611/1611fig01.jpg
Manure Storage • Hazardous Manure Gases: • Hydrogen Sulfide • Ammonia • Carbon Dioxide • Methane Manure Gases Can Kill!
Manure Storage Precautions • Keep people and animals out of confinement buildings during manure storage agitation and pumping • Ventilate the area for several hours • Allow one to two feet of air space above manure surface for gases • Prohibit smoking and other ignition sources • Keep manure agitators below liquid manure’s surface • Remove temporary access ladders • Lock access to permanent ladders • Do not drive on crusted manure surfaces • Warn visitors and guests of hazards • Post signs at manure storage areas
Anhydrous Ammonia • System Components Include: • Nurse/Delivery Tank • Control Valves (for withdrawal, fill, pressure relief, and return lines) • Pressure Gauges • Transfer Hoses • Applicator Tank (for field application) Anhydrous Ammonia can result in permanent damage to your lungs!
Chemical Safety Points • Read product labels to understand the safety requirements of the product • Do not mix chemical solutions without adult supervision • Use proper personal protective equipment to protect eyes, skin, and lungs.
Animal Hazards • Zoonoses—term that denotes diseases that can be transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. There are several ways in which it can be transmitted: • Direct Animal Contact: animal manure, urine, bedding, and products such as raw meat, unprocessed milk, hides, hair, etc. • Indirect Animal Contact: soil, plants, and water (surface and well water) may be contaminated by animal waste
Stinging/Biting Insects • Wasps, hornets, bees, spiders, tarantulas, and other stinging and biting insects are found throughout America • Two types of insect bite reactions: • Allergic Reaction • Anaphylactic Shock (caused by insect venom and is a serious medical emergency)
Poisonous Snakes • Poisonous snakes typically have angular heads and a pit in front of the eyes.Take the following precautions if such a snake is encountered: • Slowly back away • Make no sudden moves • Report incident to those that may need to work in the same area • If a bite occurs, use the following guidelines: • Allow bite to bleed freely for 15-30 seconds • Clean and disinfect the area • Stay Calm • Get assistance to travel to emergency medical care
Rabies and Lyme Disease • Rabies is a viral disease of mammals, typically transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. • Avoid animals that show strange behavior. • Lyme disease affects people who have been bitten by a deer tick, but failed to notice that the insect attached itself to them. • If you think you are affected by Lyme disease, contact a doctor right away.