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AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS

AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS. The Four Forces of Flight. The four forces act on the airplane in flight and also work against each other. The earth’s gravity pulls down on objects and gives them weight. Weight counteracts lift. How much lift?. What’s it take to create lift?.

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AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS

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  1. AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS

  2. The Four Forces of Flight The four forces act on the airplane in flight and also work against each other.

  3. The earth’s gravity pulls down on objects and gives them weight. Weight counteracts lift.

  4. How much lift?

  5. What’s it take to create lift? How do we explain lift? Newton’s Laws of Motion and Bernoulli’s Principle are used to explain lift. Air and motion.

  6. Newton’s Second Law: force causes a change in velocity which in turn generates another force. Newton’s Third Law: net flow of air is turned down resulting in an ‘equal and opposite’ upward force.

  7. Newton’s Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

  8. Pitch Around the Lateral Axis

  9. Elevator Controls Pitch The ELEVATOR controls PITCH. On the horizontal tail surface, the elevator tilts up or down, decreasing or increasing lift on the tail. This tilts the nose of the airplane up and down.

  10. Empennage

  11. Roll Around Longitudinal Axis

  12. Ailerons Control Roll The AILERONS control ROLL. On the outer rear edge of each wing, the two ailerons move in opposite directions, up and down, decreasing lift on one wing while increasing it on the other. This causes the airplane to roll to the left or right.

  13. Empennage

  14. Yaw Around the vertical Axis

  15. Rudder Controls Yaw The RUDDER controls YAW. On the vertical tail fin, the rudder swivels from side to side, pushing the tail in a left or right direction. A pilot usually uses the rudder along with the ailerons to turn the airplane.

  16. Empennage

  17. CONARD AND CONVENTIONAL NEWTONIAN GLIDERS

  18. 3 AXIS OF CONTROL DEMONSTRATOR

  19. Venturi Tube • Bernouli’s first practical use of his theorem • Where are venturi tubes used today?

  20. Hold two sheets of paper together, as shown here, and blow between them. No matter how hard you blow, you cannot push them more than a little bit apart!

  21. A wing is really just half a venturi tube. What is a wing?

  22. A fluid (and air acts like a fluid) speeds up as it moves through a constricted space Bernoulli’s Principle states that, as air speeds up, its pressure goes down.

  23. Bernoulli's Principle: slower moving air below the wing creates greater pressure and pushes up.

  24. Bernoulli’s Principle: Air moving over the wing moves faster than the air below. Faster-moving air above exerts less pressure on the wing than the slower-moving air below. The result is an upward push on the wing--lift!

  25. Bernoulli’s Principle: pressure variation around the wing results in a net aerodynamic pushing up.

  26. http://www.grc/nasa.gov/WWW/Wright/airplane/shape.html

  27. A wing creates lift due to a combination of Bernoulli’s Principle & Newton’s Third Law PRESSURE IMPACT

  28. Interactive Wright 1901 Wind Tunnel • Interactive Wright 1901 Wind Tunnel

  29. Angle of Attack

  30. CAMBERED WING GLIDER

  31. For an airplane to take off, lift must be greater than weight. For an airplane to speed up while flying, thrust must be greater than drag.

  32. A propeller is a spinning wing that generates lift forward.

  33. CAMBERED WING POWERED GLIDER

  34. Fuselage

  35. Airplane Parts

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