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Introduction To Networking

Introduction To Networking. Requirements for Internet connection. Connections can be seen as 2 components:

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Introduction To Networking

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  1. Introduction To Networking

  2. Requirements for Internet connection Connections can be seen as 2 components: The physical connection: transfers signals between a PC and a remote device on the Internet by connecting an expansion card such as a modem or a NIC from a PC to a network, most often via an Ethernet cable. The logical connection: uses protocols. A protocol is a formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how components on a network communicate. Ex: TCP/IP

  3. A network card (NIC) is an expansion card that is inserted into a computer to allow it to connect to the network. It can also be an integrated component • The NIC communicates with the network through a serial connection and within the computer through parallel connections. • You may need to install a NIC when: • adding a NIC to a PC that does not already have one. • replacing a bad or damaged NIC.  • when upgrading from a 10 Mb to a 10/100 Mb or even a Gigabit NIC.

  4. NIC or Lan Adapter You will select a NIC based on: • Type of protocol (Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI) your network is running; • Type of Media (UTP, Coax, Fiber) your network is wired with; • Type of System Bus (PCI, PCI Express, USB) used in your PC.

  5. High-speed and dial-up connectivity • In the 1970s, modems provided connectivity for dumb terminals to a centrally based computer • The connection rate was very slow, about 30 characters/second. • In the 1980s, the transfer of large files and graphics became desirable. • In the 1990s modems were running at 9600 bps and reached the current standard of 56 kbps by 1998. • By 2000, high speed services moved from the corporate environment to the consumer market, and DSL and cable modems are "always on" high speed services that provide near instant access.

  6. TCP/IP description and configuration TCP/IP is a set of protocols or rules developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network. To enable TCP/IP on the workstation, it must be configured using the operating system tools

  7. Testing connectivity with ping Ping is a utility used to verify Internet connectivity. Ping works by sending multiple IP packets to a specified destination. Each packet sent is a request for a reply. Ping 127.0.0.1: verifies the operation of the TCP/IP stack and transmit/receive function within the NIC, and never enter the network. We call this a loopback.

  8. Testing connectivity with ping • If you ping the IP address of host computer, you verify the TCP/IP address configuration for the local host and connectivity to the host. • Pinging the default-gateway IP address ensures you can reach the router port, which is the edge of your LAN network, and the gateway to the rest of the network beyond your LAN. • Pinging the remote destination IP address sends the ICMP ping packets through the network to the distant end, verifying a complete network connectivity.

  9. Web browser and plug-ins A Web browser acts on behalf of a user by: • contacting a Web server • requesting information • receiving information • displaying the results on a screen The first popular browser was Netscape Navigator Web Browsers include: • Google Chrome • Internet Explorer • Mozilla Firefox • Opera • Safari

  10. Web Browsers - interpret hypertext markup language (HTML) – the language used to code Web page content. Hyperlinks - computer program commands that point to other places Plug-ins - application programs that run proprietary files that Web browsers are unable to interpret: Flash - plays multimedia files Quicktime – plays video files, which was created by Apple Real Player – plays audio files and other possible web applications.

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