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Jacobins

Jacobins. Party of the Revolution Originally a club for the French elite Initially moderate reformers, became violent to anyone who opposed them Formed Committee of Public Safety Enforced conservative views by using the guillotine. Jean Paul Marat.

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Jacobins

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  1. Jacobins • Party of the Revolution • Originally a club for the French elite • Initially moderate reformers, became violent to anyone who opposed them • Formed Committee of Public Safety • Enforced conservative views by using the guillotine

  2. Jean Paul Marat • Jacobin journalist who wrote in his paper, names of Girondists to be killed • Wanted any opponent of radicalism to be killed • Skin condition (from living in sewers) caused him to soak in tub most hours of the day • Murdered by Charlotte Corday

  3. Girondins • Moderate Republicans who were educated, middle class • Wanted war with Austria • Became opponents of Robespierre • Faction dissolved after they were unable to prevent trial and execution of the king • Target of persecutions by Jacobins, specifically Mountain

  4. Sans Culottes • Working class, refused to wear the ‘breeches’ of the wealthy thus, the name (which literally means ‘no pants’) • Anti-rich, therefore, anti-king • Radical republicans who wanted direct democracy • Considered savages by

  5. Bourgeoisie • Wealthy, educated members of the 3rd estate (thus they paid all the taxes) • King had denied them nobility status (which would have exempted them from taxes) • Demanded a written constitution, and formed a national guard • Participated in revolution for themselves, not the masses

  6. Fueillant • Politically moderate branch of the Jacobins • Supported the King and wanted a Constitutional Monarchy • Included 264 ex-Jacobin members

  7. Mountain • radical Jacobins •  Noted for their democratic outlook • Montagnards controlled the government during the climax of the Revolution in 1793–94 • sat on the higher benches of the assembly • Against the King, imposed policy of terror • Ultimately led Robespierre to his downfall and execution

  8. Robespierre • Originally, wanted democracy and found for the poor • Helped write Dec of Rights of Man • Rose to power by killing his enemies • Led the Reign of Terror, killing 40,000 people in 15 months • Eventually executed

  9. September Massacres • King was married to the Austrian princess Marie Antionette • Prussian (Austrian) army was marching into France to restore Louis to the throne • Opponents of the Revolution had been thrown in jail • Jacobins did NOT want them released, so they broke into the jails and killed them all • 3 day wave of chaos and mob violence • Then moved on to killing Girondins and over 200 priests (they also supported king) • Also sent message to Prussians “don’t mess with us, we’re crazy”

  10. Charlotte Corday • Girondin who supported the King • Was distraught over the September Massacres and Reign of Terror • Saw Marat as the source of evil and discord in France • Felt he was responsible for the deaths of thousands • Believed killing Marat would end the Terror and preserve the Revolution • Stabbed him in his tub • She was tried, convicted and guillotined in 4 days

  11. Phrygian Cap • Represented freedom and patriotism • Radical Revolutionaries (jacobins) began wearing them after the Storming of the Bastille

  12. Tri-Colore • Revolutionary flag of France • Three colors represent • Liberty • Equality • Fraternity (brotherhood) • Used following the Storming of the Bastille

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