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The Jacobins

The Jacobins. Founders of the Republic of Virtue; Instigators of the Terror. Founded in 1789 by the deputies from Brittany, the club had a high entrance fee. This meant its members were originally wealthy liberal constitutional monarchists.

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The Jacobins

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  1. The Jacobins Founders of the Republic of Virtue; Instigators of the Terror

  2. Founded in 1789 by the deputies from Brittany, the club had a high entrance fee. This meant its members were originally wealthy liberal constitutional monarchists. Jacobin clubs spread over France: from 1200 members in 1789 to around 100,000 in 1793 Robespierre led a radical faction, which argued for the political rights of the poor and was opposed to the division into ‘active’ and ‘passive’ citizens. 16 July, 1791, following Varennes, the monarchist, constitutionalist Jacobins withdrew to form the Feuillant Club The Jacobin Club

  3. Varennes created a crisis which defeated the moderate Feuillants and gave popular support to the pro-war Brissotins /Girondins. Robespierre argued against war, believing it would lead to military dictatorship and/or the overthrow of the revolution itself. War was declared in April, 1792, and by July, Austrian and Prussian forces invaded France. The Brunswick Manifesto issued July 25, 1792, increased French fears and led to the end of the monarchy and the fall of the Girondins Power now swung away from the Assembly to the Commune of Paris, the Jacobins and the Cordeliers The Jacobins

  4. ‘The Incorruptible’: Maximilien Robespierre 158-1794 • 1789 Elected Deputy for the Third Estate of Arras • Became leader of the radical faction in the Legislative Assembly leader of the Jacobin Club • Was elected to the Convention and committee of Public Safety • Guillotined 28 July 1794

  5. Robespierre:“What is needed is one single will … the danger within France comes from the middle classes and to defeat them we must rally the people.”“Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe and inflexible; it is therefore an emanation of virtue. Break the enemies of the republic with terror , and you will be justified as founders of the republic.”

  6. ANTOINE ST. JUST 1767-1794 • Son of a cavalry officer, he joined the National Guard in 1789 • He published a book in 1791: Spirit of Revolution and of the Constitution of France • Elected to the Convention Sept. 1792 • Became the youngest member of the Committee of Public Safety. Executed with Robespierre.

  7. LAZARE CARNOT (1753-1823) • An officer in the French army, skilled in military engineering. • Elected 1791 to the Legislative Assembly • Elected 1792 to the Convention • He was revolutionary France’s leading military expert • Made a member of the Committee of Public Safety, he directed the armies of the French republic.

  8. GEORGE AUGUST COUTHON • Member of the Legislative Assembly • Member of the Committee of Public safety • Close ally of Robespierre and St.Just • Guillotined with them on 28 July, 1794

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