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Language Assessment. European scales of language proficiency Basic concepts in assessment Assessing oral performance. Global Scale. Basic User A1, A2 Independent User B1, B2 Proficient User C1, C2
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Language Assessment Europeanscalesoflanguageproficiency Basic concepts in assessment Assessing oral performance
Global Scale • Basic User A1, A2 • Independent User B1, B2 • Proficient User C1, C2 (Common European framework of reference for languages. Learning, teaching, assessment.)
Assessment • Informal • Formal Formative (over time) Summative (outcomes at the end of instruction)
How to Test Speaking? • What is a speaking task? …activities that involve speakers in using language for the purpose of achieving a particular goal or objective in a particular speaking situation. (Bachman and Palmer as cited in Sari Luoma Assesing speaking. p. 31)
Types of classroom speaking performance: • Imitative(like a tape recorder) • Intensive(rhymes, learners ‘go over’ certain forms of the language) • Responsive(short replies to teacher-or student-initiated questions or comments.) • Transactional(dialog to convey or exchange specific information) • Interpersonal Dialog to maintain social relationships • Extensive (planned or impromptu monologues) (Based on H.D. Brown Teaching by Principles pp.271-274)
Steps in designing classroom assessment procedures: • Specify the category of speaking performance. • Consider the micro- and macroskills that you are going to assess. • Think of the genre of spoken language.
Some suggestions for consideration: • Imitative speaking tasks • Repeating the sentences Intensive • Learning a rhyme • S1-Whole class (What did you do on holiday?) • Completing a dialogue • Acting out a dialogue • Reading aloud (for checking pronunciation) • Picture-cued elicitation of a grammatical item
Some suggestions: • Responsive • Question elicitation (ask me about my favourite film) • Picture-cued elicitation of response (Q-A) • Map-cued elicitation • Question and answers
Some suggestions: • Interactive tasks • Role plays • Interviews • Debates • Extensive • Retelling a text • Describing a picture • Describing one’s favourite film, …..
What to evaluate in a speaking task? • Accuracy in phonology, vocabulary and grammar. • Fluency and discourse (cohesion, sociolinguistic appropriateness). • Accomplishing the objective of the task.
Suggested reading: • Brown, H. D. (2007). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy. Longman: New York. • Common European framework of reference for languages. Learning, teaching, assessment. (2001). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching.Fourth edition. Harlow: Longman. • Luoma, S.( 2004). Assessingspeaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Weir, C. J. (1990). Communicative language testing. Prentice Hall International