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Urban Form in America and Europe

Urban Form in America and Europe. Pietro S. Nivola Senior Fellow Governance Studies The Brookings Institution. Fundamentals. Space. Source: Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University. Demography Population Growth. Source: OECD. Demography.

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Urban Form in America and Europe

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  1. Urban Form in America and Europe Pietro S. Nivola Senior Fellow Governance Studies The Brookings Institution

  2. Fundamentals • Space Source: Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University

  3. Demography • Population Growth Source: OECD

  4. Demography • Demography • Age Profile Source: OECD

  5. New County, Same State (19%) Within County (65%) Different State (13%) International (3%) • Demography • Mobility Over one in ten Americans moved in 2008 (38.7 million people) Mobility patterns: Source: US Census Bureau

  6. Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (inflation adjusted USD) • The Economy • GDP Source: OECD

  7. Policy Distinctions • Agricultural Subsidies Source: OECD

  8. Allocation of Transportation Spending (as share of total ground transportation spending) United States Untied Kingdom Roads and Road- Related Expenses Public Transit Public Transit Roads and Road-Related Expenses • Transportation Policy Source: US Department of Transportation, UK Department for Transport

  9. Unleaded Gas Prices and Taxes (2008, Q1) • Energy Prices and Taxes Source: The Brookings Institution

  10. Automotive Diesel Prices and Taxes (2008, Q1) • Energy Prices and Taxes Source: The Brookings Institution

  11. Electricity Prices for Households (U.S. Dollars per Kilowatt-hour) • Energy Prices and Taxes Source: OECD

  12. Percent of Trips Taken by Various Modes of Transportation Source: Sprawl in Europe and America, Michael Lewyn, 46 San Diego L. Rev. 85

  13. Vehicle Kilometers Driven (per capita, 2003) 8829 6286 6299 6313 Source: Transportation: A Geographical Analysis, by William Richard Black, pp. 39

  14. Per Capita Education Expenditure (Annual expenditure per student, in USD) • Education Source: US Department of Education

  15. Source: The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2006.

  16. MCAS Composite Over 95% 90-95% 80-89% Under 80% Sources: The New York Times, Mass. State Board of Education

  17. Energy Consumption: Total energy consumption per capita Units: Kilograms of oil equivalent (kgoe) per person 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1990 2000 2005 France Germany Italy United Kingdom United States So What? • Big Foot Source: IEA Statistics Division, Energy Balances of OECD Countries (2008 edition).

  18. Carbon Footprint: International Comparison Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), metric tons of CO2 per capita (UNFCCC) Source: United Nations

  19. What To Do? • Shopworn “Solutions” • Emulate Europe? No and Yes

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