ZAMBIA S REPORT TO THE AD HOC EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON DEVELOPING SUPLEMENTARY TARGETS AND INDICATORS TO STRENGHTEN SOCI

1. ZAMBIA’S REPORT TO THE AD HOC EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON “DEVELOPING SUPLEMENTARY TARGETS AND INDICATORS TO STRENGHTEN SOCIAL INCLUSION, GENDER EQUALITY AND HEALTH PROMOTION IN THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS” MAY 7-9, 2008ADDIS ABABA ETHOPIA Ministry of Community Development and Social Services, Community House, Sadzu Road, Private Bag W252, LUSAKAZAMBIA MAY 2008

2. Focus of Presentation Definition of Social Exclusion and Inclusion Main Groups That Face Social Exclusion Major Forms of Exclusion Government’s Initiatives to Address Social Exclusion (Social Inclusion Programmes) Suggestions on Supplementary Targets and Indicators

3. Definitions Social exclusion is regarded ‘as lack of access to the institutions of civil society (legal and political systems), and to the basic levels of education, health, and financial well being necessary to make access to those institutions a reality”.[1] The same literature clearly links social exclusion and inclusion to poverty levels, lack of participation in national development caused by various factors which may be individual, communal and institutional.[2] [1] http://answers.com/topic/social-exlusion, 2008 page 1 [2] Ibid.

4. Definitions (Cont’d) On the other hand, “Social inclusion is the converse of social exclusion and is affirmative action to change the circumstances and habits that lead to (or have led to) social exclusion. Social inclusion is a strategy to combat social exclusion, but it is not making reparations or amends for past wrongs as in affirmative action. It is a coordinated response to the very complex system of problems that are known as social exclusion”.[1] [1] http://answers.com/topic/social-exlusion, 2008 page 2.

5. Main Groups That Face Social Exclusion The Incapacitated households (no self-help potential) that include the aged without any meaningful support, households with high dependency burden, households affected by HIV/AIDS, Child-headed households and Street Children. Low capacity households which encompasses female-headed households, the disabled, the old, the peasants and other marginalised low–income households, and informal sector workers.

6. Major Forms of Exclusion Households affected by HIV/AIDS: HIV/AIDS prevalence arte in Zambia is estimated at 15.6%[1] of the population, which includes around 90,000 children. The immediate effects of HIV/AIDS are:- increased disease burdens loss of life reduced earning capacity. increased poverty, sickness and hunger. Costs on time and labour missing or dropping out of school, failing to access health services. emotional stress and social stigma. [1] Zambia Demographic Health Survey 2001-2002.

7. Major Forms of Exclusion 2. Child-headed households and Street Children: inadequate education and training less opportunity to find decent employment, start businesses, or manage farming activities. poor parentage, Involvement in anti-social behaviour, and little or no participation in civic activities

8. Major Forms of Exclusion 3. Female-Headed Households: Sex stereotypes inadequate education and training less opportunity to find decent employment, start businesses, or manage farming activities,and Lack of access to productive assets such land and credit. Care givers whose work is not recognised little or no participation in civic activities Sex and Gender Based Violence

9. Major Forms of Exclusion 4. The Disabled: Stigma as disability seen child as a curse or a punishment from God. Lack of recognition in national statistics Self pity inadequate education and training less opportunity to find decent employment, start businesses, or manage farming activities. poor parentage, Involvement in anti-social behaviour, and little or no participation in civic activities

10. Major Forms of Exclusion The Elderly: Burdened with social responsibilities Misconception about them. Neglected. Labour constraints

11. Major Forms of Exclusion Peasant Farmers: agricultural policies that have made important agricultural inputs too expensive for small scale farmers variable climatic conditions on agriculture increased ill-health and death, primarily due to HIV/AIDS; and liberalised. unfavourable Land tenure system Lack of markets

12. Major Forms of Exclusion Informal sector workers: Lack of social security packages (eg sick-pay, maternity leave, funeral benefits and pensions), Poor working environments Limited access to resources such as land and credit casualisation of labour Poor means to support families particularly in hard times Little access to education and training

13. Government’s Initiatives to Address Social Exclusion (Social Inclusion Programmes) Zambia developed a Social Protection Strategy in 2006. The vision and goal are: Vision: To promote and provide security against constant or periodic critical levels of deprivation and extreme vulnerability Goal: To contribute to the security of all Zambians by ensuring that incapacitated and low capacity households and people have sufficient income security to meet basic needs, and protection from the worst impact of risks and shocks Target groups: 200,000 low capacity households: have low income and limited skills and access to credit and inputs. 200,000 incapacitated households: Have no or very limited self help potential, lacking land, labour and assets Children without adult caregivers: 1.1 million of all children are OVC and particularly vulnerable to poor nutrition and inability to access adequate basic social services

14. Government’s Initiatives to Address Social Exclusion (Social Inclusion Programmes) Empowerment of Low capacity households: Activities include: Food Security Pack Programme Micro credit Scheme Labour Based Programme Provision of entrepreneurship Proramme Target groups include the aged, the disabled, female-headed households, orphans, child-headed households, the unemployed youth and households affected by drought or floods.

15. Government’s Initiatives to Address Social Exclusion (Social Inclusion Programmes) 200,000 incapacitated households: Have no or very limited self help potential, lacking land, labour and assets Activities Include: Public Welfare Assistance Scheme Social Cash Transfers Target Groups include orphans and vulnerable children, neglected children, aged persons, disabled or the chronically ill, single headed households displaced or disaster victims; and others who are genuinely unable to support themselves.

16. Government’s Initiatives to Address Social Exclusion (Social Inclusion Programmes) Children without adult caregivers: Activities include: Street Children programme, which rehabilitates, empowers families whose children go on the street as well integrates children with thier community. (This programme has done very well as phenomenon of strret children has been contained) Children‘s Homes. Maintain minimum standards in the homes.

17. Government’s Initiatives to Address Social Exclusion (Social Inclusion Programmes) Other Programmes include: Enhancement of access to health system Enhancement of access to education Enhancement of vulnerable peoples access to justice Disability and Development: Government has developed a strategy to mainstream issues of disability in all sectors. Governmet has also appointed Disability Focal Point Persons in order to maistream disability issues in all sectors an all provinces. The next step is to address accessing f services at district level by disability persons.

18. Suggestions on Supplementary Targets and Indicators Definition: That the focus of MDGs has been manly welfare indicators leaving out structural/policy issues, which have an effect on the welfare indicators and target we are measuring under MDGs. This may lead to underreporting on reasons why MDGs may be achieved or not achieved. Therefore, there is an appeal that structural issues should not be completely left out and may come as Optional Goals countries can report on in order not to lose sight of these issues. For example, No. of policies formulated towards addressing SE (for Zambia =PWDs + Aged) or % of Rural Population accessing basic social services. We definitely need to know the No. of disabled people accessing services in various sectors.

19. Suggestions on Supplementary Targets and Indicators MGD 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger: Additional indicators that can be included are: Real income of the poorest 30 of the population This is to track the performance of most of the socially excluded groups. Further, this indicators can be included in all the MDGs if define the indicators generally as “No. of beneficiaries accessing services from the poorest 30 of the population”.

20. END OF PRESENTATION Thank you