Chapter 21: The Political System Under Strain at Home and Abroad 1877-1900

1. U*S* A NARRATIVE HISTORY, FIRST EDITION Chapter 21: The Political System Under Strain at Home and Abroad(1877-1900)

2. Preview �Struggling to come to terms with the inequalities of the new urban and industrial order, the political system ground to a near stalemate, broken only during the turbulent 1890s when a deep depression sparked labor protests and a revolt of farmers.� 2

3. The Highlights The Politics of Paralysis The Revolt of the Farmers The New Realignment Stirrings of Empire The Imperial Movement 3

4. The Politics of Paralysis Political Stalemate Margins of victory in presidential elections were very close Voter turnout: nearly 80 percent of eligible voters turned out The Parties Ethnic and religious factors helped to shape party alignment Third political parties rallied around a single cause 4

5. The Voting Public, 1860-1912 5

6. The Issues �Bloody shirts�: each side blamed the other for the Civil War Pendleton Act (1883): reform of civil service McKinley Tariff Crime of �73: concern over money supply Bland-Allison Act (1878): silver coinage The White House from Hayes to Harrison The dirty election of 1884 First billion-dollar peacetime budget 6

7. Ferment in the States and Cities State commissions National Municipal League 7

8. The Revolt of the Farmers The Harvest of Discontent Rising anger of farmers Credit lay at the root of their problems The Origins of the Farmers� Alliance Patrons of Husbandry �Granger laws� Granger cases Southern Alliance 8

9. The Alliance Peaks People�s party formed (1890) The Alliance movement: �Ocala Demands� The Election of 1892 Exposure of weaknesses of the Populists Rhetoric of Populism was often violent 9

10. The Rise of Jim Crow Politics Systematized disfranchisement Democratic party promoted black disfranchisement and white supremacy The African American Response Ida B. Wells Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois Creation of NAACP 10

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12. The New Realignment The Depression of 1893 Nearly one worker in five was out of a job More women and children went to work Burden fell on local charities rather than government to assist the unemployed The Rumblings of Unrest Coxey�s Army Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 12

13. The Battle of the Standards Free silver Bryan�s Cross of Gold speech (1896): �You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.� Republican coalition emerges triumphant in 1896 presidential election; dominates American politics for almost forty years McKinley in the White House Foreshadowed �modern� presidents who also acted as party leaders Dingley Tariff (1897) 13

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15. Stirrings of Empire European Expansion Worldwide Ecological factors of expansion Forces encouraging American imperialism The Shapers of American Imperialism Mahan calls for a strong navy Missionaries Social Darwinism Commercial factors- creation of new markets 15

16. Dreams of a Commercial Empire William Henry Seward Acquisition of Midway and Alaska Blaine�s Pan-American Union The Venezuelan Boundary Dispute Prelude in the Pacific US vied for control of the islands of Samoa 1893: American sugar planters overthrow Queen Liliuokalani, a Hawaiian nationalist 16

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18. The Imperial Moment Mounting Tensions The de Lome letter Sinking of the Maine Teller Amendment The Imperial War Dewey at Manila Santiago harbor in Cuba 18

19. War in Cuba Racial tensions Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders Peace and the Debate over Empire Annexing Hawaii Aquinaldo Anti-imperialists The role of racism 19

20. America�s First Asian War Racial antagonism spurred brutal fighting in Manila Puerto Rico An Open Door in China The open-door notes Boxer Rebellion Sense of mission 20